前期桐城派法律思想分析-analysis of tongcheng schools legal thoughts in the early stage.docx

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2018-07-28 发布于上海
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前期桐城派法律思想分析-analysis of tongcheng schools legal thoughts in the early stage.docx

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前期桐城派法律思想分析-analysis of tongcheng schools legal thoughts in the early stage

AbstractTheTongchengSchoolisthemostinfluentialschooloftheproseintheliteraryhistoryofQingDynasty,whichexistedforthelongesttime,spreadthemostwidelyandhadthelargestnumberofmembers.Peoplehaveresearcheditsliteraturequitealot,however,itsculturallegacyincludingthelegalthoughtisalsoworthbeingexplored.TheenlightenmentinlateMingandearlyQingDynastyandthelegalthoughtinlateQingDynastyhavealwaysbeenthefocalpointsintherealmofthelegalresearch.Bycontrast,itisveryweakfortheresearchonthelegalthoughtinoveronehundredandfiftyyearsbeforetheOpiumWar.SothispapermeanstomakeupforthedeficiencybystudyingthelegalthoughtoftheearlyTongchengSchoolwhichwasfromitsbirthtoYaonaisdisciplesandwasjustintheforementionedperiod.TheancientChinaguidedbyConfucianismwasasocietyofetiquetteandlaw,whichmainlyregulatedthehumanrelationshipsuchasthemonarchandhissubjects,fatherandson,oldandyoung,friends,couples.Cheng-ZhuSchoolnotonlyregardedtheConfucianethicalnormsastheheavenlyprinciples,butalsocombinedetiquette,lawsandthesystemofeducationinordertoformtheextremelystrictsystemofethicalcodesbyemphasizingtheFourBooks.Thescholarswerealwaysdeeplyandconstantlyinfluencedbythedoctrineof“DaXue”,whiletheystudiedthemethodsandrulessuchasetiquette,music,administrationandpenalty.Theydidsoinordertocultivatethemselvestosaintsandsages,andalsotoregulatefamilies,managestateaffairsandbuildapeacefulworld.TheearlyTongchengSchoolbelievedthatCheng-ZhuunderstoodthekeysofConfucianismandadheredtotheguidingpositionoftheirphilosophy.TheearlyTongchengSchoolbelievedthatConfucianethicsembodiedtheheavenlyprinciples,humanbeingwasborntotheenergyoftheuniverse,humannaturewasgood,andevilwasonlyacquired,sotheyadvocatedfeudalethicalcodes.Althoughtheyyearnedfortheancientemperors’systems,theearlyTongchengSchoolclearlyrecognizedthatetiquetteandlawshadtochangewithsocialchanges.Asfortheapplicationofthecriminallaw,theyalternatedleniencywithseverityandproposedtointegratepunishmentwitheducation.Asforthetrial,theyemphasizedreasonandrecommendedthatguiltshouldbeconvict