上海城市公园节约型植物群落调查分析-investigation and analysis of conservation plant communities in shanghai urban parks.docx

观空间类型的群落都比较丰富，积极可进入型群落有22个，消极可进入型群落14个，不可进入型群落24个。其中能够承载游憩活动的可进入型群落较为丰富，特别是草坪类型比较完备，能提供各种活动场地。在调研分析的基础上，从自然度、健康度、游憩度和美景度四个方面构建城市园林绿地植物群落的综合节约性评价体系，作为构建城市绿地节约型植物群落的参考依据和评价标准。并对所调研群落中不同景观空间类型群落中的典型代表群落进行综合节约性评价分析。评价结果显示：在自然度方面，不可进入型群落要依次优于消极可进入型群落和积极可进入型群落；在健康度方面，各类群落差异不大；在游憩度方面，积极可进入型群落依次优于消极可进入型群落和不可进入型群落；在美景度方面，各类群落得分不一，不能一概而论。综合起来，城市公园各类植物群落综合节约性评价总分在70分左右，相差不大，且评价等级集中在第Ⅱ和第Ⅲ两个层级，说明城市公园建设已经开始认识到综合节约性的重要性并在此方面做出了积极努力，但节约性植物群落配置仍存在着较大的提升优化空间。基于上述调研评价分析，本文针对各类不同景观空间类型的植物群落提出优化建议，并从植物选择和植物配置上推荐出若干配置优化方案，为城市公园节约型绿地植物群落构建提供简单实用、操作性强的参考。关键词：节约型绿地，植物群落，综合评价，配置优化INVESTIGATIONANDRESEARCHABOUTTHEECONOMICALPLANTCOMMUNITYOFURBANPRKSINCHINAABSTRACTEconomicalplantcommunitiesinurbanparksrefertoplantcommunitieswithstablestructure,goodecologicalbenefit,andsatisfyingrecreationalfunction.Atpresent,althoughtheexistedresearchresultsrelatedareabundant,mostofthemaimatecologicalcommunityorsighteffectseparatelyinsteadofcombiningtheecology,sightseeingandrecreationtogether.ThisresearchchoosedthetypicalplantcommunitiesofmainurbanparksinShanghaiasthestudyingobjects,toinvestigatetheirecologicalstructure,diseases,insects,spatialpattern,andrecreationalactivities.Takingnotesofsuchinformationwithinvestigationalforms,ichnographies,photoesandsoon,tomakefoundationforsystematicalanalysisaboutcommunities’characteristic.Intotal,60plantcommunitieswith70355㎡in21urbanparkswereinvestigated,and235kindsofplantswereinvolved.Theresultsshowedthat:(1)Thespeciesabundanceofplantcommunities’inShanghaiurbanparkswas3.78%,andtheindigenousplantproportionwas13.2%,whichwerewaitforfurtherimproving.(2)Theseinvestigatedplantcommunitieswereunderhighlevelmaintenance,sothediseasesandinsectsdolittleharmtothem.(3)Accordingtotheinnerspace,theseplantcommunitiesweredividedinto3types:positivelyenterabletype,negativelyenterabletypeandun-enterabletype.TherewerevariousplantcommunitiesinShanghaiurbanparks,with22communitiesbelongingtothefirsttype,14tothesecondand24tothethird.Especially,theplantcommunitieswithgrasslandwereofvariety,andcouldp