失能老人亲属照护者的社会支持分析——以山东鸡黍镇农村为例-analysis of social support for caregivers of disabled elderly relatives - a case study of jixiaozhen village in shandong province.docx
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失能老人亲属照护者的社会支持分析——以山东鸡黍镇农村为例-analysis of social support for caregivers of disabled elderly relatives - a case study of jixiaozhen village in shandong province
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失能老人亲属照护者的社会支持研究
——以山东鸡黍镇农村为例 摘 要
我国人口老龄化逐步加剧,对老年照护服务的需求不断增加。由于缺乏完善的社 会化养老服务体系,一直以来家庭承担着老年长期照护的主要责任。在农村,这种情 况更甚。随着社会和家庭结构的变迁,家庭在老年照护提供方面也显得力不从心。亲 属照护者在照护失能老人的过程中,面临着巨大的压力和挑战,亟需社会的关注。文 章以失能老人亲属照护者的照护压力为切入点,通过自行设计调查问卷,获取农村失 能老人亲属照护者社会支持供求的相关数据,为建立完善的长期照护社会支持体系提 供参考。
样本数据收集以山东省鸡黍镇农村为例,对亲属照护者的状况进行实地调研。运 用相关性分析和非参数检验筛选出亲属照护者压力的影响因素,通过系统解释结构模 型方法构建亲属照护者压力影响因素的系统结构,并对亲属照护者压力的影响因素的 路径进行分析;通过亲属照护者社会支持的供需比较,分析在经济支持、服务支持、 情感支持、照护知识和技能方面的非均衡性,并且对不同类别亲属照护者社会支持项 目需求强度的差异性进行分析。论文主要得出以下结论:
(1)失能老人亲属照护者在经济、身体、工作劳动、社会交往、心理、家庭成 员关系等维度均存在不同程度的压力,其中经济方面的压力普遍较大。失能老人的失 能程度、子女数和亲属照护者的性别、年龄、照护形式是影响亲属照护者压力的最根 本的因素。
(2)农村亲属照护者的社会支持需求在经济和服务方面最为强烈,失能老人的 子女数、患慢性病数量和亲属照护者的收入水平、就业状况、年龄、与老人关系均会 影响亲属照护者对不同社会支持项目的需求程度。
(3)农村亲属照护者可获得的社会支持资源并不多,主要以家庭、亲朋好友等 非正式支持为主,正式社会支持主体还没有充分发挥作用。在经济支持和服务支持方 面,现有的社会支持还不能满足亲属照护者的需求。
最后,论文在借鉴国外经验的基础上,从亲属照护者社会支持政策的出台、支持 服务的提供以及建立完善亲属照护者社会支持体系三个角度提出了亲属照护者社会
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支持的对策建议。
关键词:失能老人,亲属照护者,社会支持,压力
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THE RESEARCH FOR THE SOCIAL SUPPORT OF RELATIVE CAREGIVERS OF DISABLED
ELDERLY——TAKING VILLAGES IN JISHU, SHANDONG PROVINCE AS THE EXAMPLE
ABSTRACT
The aging population in China is increasing gradually, and the care services demand for the aged is also increasing. At present, China has not yet established a sound socialized service system for the aged. Therefore, family has been mainly responsible for the elderly long-term care services. In rural areas, the situation is even worse.As the social and family structure change, families become powerless in assuming responsibility of elderly care. The relative caregivers are facing with enormous pressures and challenges in the in the process of care for the disabled elderlies. So they need urgent attention. The article select the pressure of relative caregivers as the starting point. Through self-designed questionnaire to obtain the relevant data about relative caregivers’ social support and demand, and providing a reference for the establishment of a sound long-term care social support system.
This study choose Jis
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