提高fmcw激光测距分辨力方法及在球坐标测量中应用-method for improve resolution of fmcw laser range finding and its application in spherical coordinate measurement.docx
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提高fmcw激光测距分辨力方法及在球坐标测量中应用-method for improve resolution of fmcw laser range finding and its application in spherical coordinate measurement
中文摘要
大空间精密坐标测量在重大装备制造、空间科技、能源行业、国防工业等方 面发挥着重要作用,发展大空间无合作目标激光坐标测量技术是激光测量的一个 重要发展方向。脉冲法和相位法等常用的无合作目标激光测距方法测量精度低, 是 限 制无 合 作目 标坐标 测 量精 度 的主 要因素 之 一。 调 频连 续波( Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave 简称 FMCW)激光测距是一种大尺寸激光绝对测距 技术,具有量程大,测量分辨率高,可实现无合作目标测距等优点,成为了近年 来无合作目标激光绝对测距研究的热点。
本文对 FMCW 激光测距进行了详细的研究,提出了有效提高测距分辨力的 方法,并通过实验进行了验证。进一步提出了基于 FMCW 激光测距的大尺寸球 坐标测量系统的总体设计,搭建了实验无合作目标坐标测量系统,并对其进行了 实验研究。主要工作内容如下:
1. 研究了外腔式可调谐激光器的调谐原理,以及窄线宽激光器动态线宽的 测量方法;比较了几种常用的激光测距方法的优缺点,研究了 FMCW 激光测距 的原理,推导了测距公式;分析了激光器调制范围和激光器调制线性度与测距分 辨力的关系,并验证了进行无合作目标测距的可行性。
2.设计了双干涉光路 FMCW 激光测距系统,利用对拍频信号进行等光频间 隔重采样的方法,抑制了激光器调制非线性对测量分辨力的影响。
3.分析并验证了光纤色散对测距分辨力的影响。提出了对等光频间隔重采样 信号进行拼接的方法,能够在不降低分辨力的前提下减小激光器的调制范围,不 仅减小了光纤色散对测距分辨力的影响,而且降低了 FMCW 激光测距对激光器 调制范围的依赖。实际测量实验证明了在 11m 范围内的自由空间中,测量分辨 力达到了 40μm,测量标准差达到了 15μm。
4.设计了基于 FMCW 激光测距的大尺寸球坐标测量系统的总体结构与运行 原理;研究了球坐标传动系统并分析了主要的误差来源。设计搭建了实验无合作 目标大尺寸坐标测量系统,针对该系统进行了误差分析,并设计和进行了主要误 差的校准实验,最后利用激光跟踪仪对该系统的水平两点间距离测量精度进行了 评定。
关键词:激光测距;绝对测距;连续激光调频;球坐标测量;非接触测量;
ABSTRACT
Large-scale precision coordinate measurement plays an important role in the field of major equipment manufacturing, space technology, energy industry, national defense industry. Non-cooperative, large-scale laser coordinate measuring technology is a significant development direction in laser measurement. One of the limiting factors determining the precision of non-cooperative coordinate measurement is the measuring precision of the commonly used ranging methods, such as pulsed laser ranging method and phase-shift laser ranging method. Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) laser ranging is a large-scale absolute distance measuring technology, with the characteristics of large measuring range, high measuring resolution and non- cooperative. Nowadays, FMCW laser ranging has become a research focus in non-cooperative absolute laser distance measurement.
In this paper, firstly FMCW laser ranging is studied in detail and the methods of improving the range resolution is proposed and validated in experiments. Secondly, the st
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