不同灌溉方式对设施土壤性状及黄瓜产量品质影响.docVIP

不同灌溉方式对设施土壤性状及黄瓜产量品质的影响 　　摘要：以津优4号黄瓜为试材，设滴灌和沟灌两个处理，研究不同灌溉方式对设施土壤硝态氮含量、土壤酶活性、水肥利用率以及黄瓜产量、品质的影响。结果表明，滴灌能显著提高0～30、30～60 cm土层硝态氮含量，分别比沟灌处理高183.87%和80.50%；滴灌能提高土壤酶活性，其中滴灌较沟灌能显著提高各土层土壤蔗糖酶活性、0～30 cm土层脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性、30～60 cm土层碱性磷酸酶活性。滴灌处理较沟灌节水69.72%，水分利用率和肥料偏生产力分别比沟灌高280.41%和15.16%。滴灌能显著提高黄瓜产量，改善黄瓜品质，果实的可溶性糖、VC及可溶性固形物含量分别较沟灌处理提高16.96%、19.64%和19.14%。因此，与沟灌相比，滴灌在保证氮素高效利用、改善土壤微环境、提高水肥利用率、提高黄瓜产量和品质等方面具有一定优势。 　　关键词：滴灌；土壤硝态氮；土壤酶；水分利用率；黄瓜；产量；品质 　　中图分类号：S642.207+S15文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）03-0061-05 　　Abstract Taking the cucumber variety Jinyou 4 as experimental material， the effects of different irrigation methods on the soil nitrate nitrogen content， soil enzyme activity， water and fertilizer utilization rate， yield and quality of cucumber were studied with two treatments of drip irrigation and furrow irrigation. The results showed that drip irrigation could increase the nitrate nitrogen content in 0～30- and 30～60- cm soil layers， which were 183.87% and 80.50% higher than those of furrow irrigation respectively. Compared with furrow irrigation， drip irrigation could significantly improve the soil invertase in each soil layer， urease and catalase activities in 0～30- cm soil layer， and alkaline phosphatase activity in 30～60- cm soil layer. Drip irrigation also could save water by 69.72% compared with furrow irrigation. The water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity of drip irrigation treatment were 280.41% and 15.16% higher than those of furrow irrigation，respectively. Drip irrigation significantly improved the yield and quality of cucumber. The fruit soluble sugar， VC and soluble solids contents increased by 16.96%， 19.64% and 19.14% respectively compared with furrow irrigation treatment. Therefore， drip irrigation had certain advantages in ensuring efficient utilization of nitrogen， improving soil microenvironment， increasing the utilization rate of water and fertilizer and the yield and quality of cucumber compared with furrow irrigation. 　　Keywords Drip irrig