专用控释肥在西瓜上施用效果研究.docVIP

专用控释肥在西瓜上的施用效果研究 　　摘要以黑彤K-8西瓜为试材研究了控释肥对西瓜产量、中心糖/边糖、土壤养分损失的影响。结果表明:控释肥能显著提高西瓜产量,在等养分施用下比习惯施肥增产22.61%,而且在养分减少20%的情况下,仍能增产10.81%;等量控释肥、减量控释肥、减氮控释肥处理的肥料生产率分别是习惯施肥处理的2.14、1.93、1.29倍,中心糖/边糖以及地表径流中的NH4+-N和NO3--N含量均低于习惯施肥处理。由此认为,控释肥是一种增产、经济及对环境友好的肥料。 　　关键词 西瓜;控释肥;产量;肥料生产率 　　中图分类号S651;S143.1+5文献标识码A文章编号 1007-5739(2010)15-0137-02 　　 　　StudyofEffectofControlled-releaseFertilizeronWatermelon 　　YANG Guang-huai 1MA Wen-li 1JING Da-wei 2LIU Chun-sheng 3 * 　　(1Agriculture Bureau of Daiyue District in Taian of Shandong,Taian Shandong 271000; 2 Dezhou University; 3 Resources and Environment College of Shandong Agricultural University) 　　AbstractThe field experiment was conducted to study effect of controlled-releasefertilizer on yield ,center sugar/ limbic sugar、nutrient loss of watermelon with Heitong K-8. The results showed that controlled-releasefertilizer could increase watermelon yield significantly,generally speaking,which increased by 22.61% or 10.81% than that of conventional fertilizer when the same quantity or 80% of fertilizers were applicatied. The fertilizer productivity of treatments of equal controued-realease fertilizer, less controlled-release fertilizer and less nitrogen in controlled-release fertilizer was 2.14 times,1.93 times and 1.29 times of coventional fertilization respectively. In addition,the center sugar/ limbic sugar、the content of NH4+-N and NO3--N in the surface runoff were clearly lower than coventional fertilization. It is proposed that controlled-releasefertilizer was economic and good for environment and could increase yield the same time. 　　Key wordswatermelon;controlled-releasefertilizer;yield;fertilizer productivity 　　 　　化肥作为“粮食的粮食”已成为世界共识。自从1840年德国化学家李比希提出植物矿质营养理论后,经过半个多世纪,化学肥料就发展为比较完善的技术系统和产业体系。据联合国粮农组织(FAO)统计,施用化肥可提高作物单产55%～57%,提高总产30%～31%[1]。化肥是农业生产中最大的物质投入,约占其全部生产性投入的50%[2]。目前,美国等一些发达国家的化肥利用率为50%～55%,而我国仅为35%左右,我国化肥的当季利用率中,氮素为30%～35%,磷素为10%～25%,钾素为35%～50%,远低于世界发达国家水平[3]。每年所施化肥的1/2左右由各种途径损失掉[4]。而控释肥养分释放缓慢,能有效降低土壤中各元素的挥发、淋失,减少环境污染,