专用肥不同施用量对直播油菜生长和产量影响.docVIP

专用肥不同施用量对直播油菜生长和产量的影响 　　摘要：2014年10月在武汉市开展了直播油菜长效专用配方肥的大田试验，研究不同施肥量对油菜养分、生物量及产量构成和产量的影响。结果表明，施用油菜长效专用配方肥可以显著促进养分吸收，提高油菜生物量和养分积累量，增加有效株数和单株角果数，提高油菜子产量，比不施肥对照增产4.6～11.7倍；随着施肥量的增加，直播油菜地上部生物量和养分积累量先增加，在施肥量达750 kg/hm2后保持稳定；净利润和产投比随着施肥量的增加，先增加后减小，在施肥量为900 kg/hm2时达到最高。对于迟直播冬油菜，适当增加施肥量，可以在一定程度上通过增加有效株数和单株角果数来达到增产的目的本试验条件下油菜长效专用配方肥的适宜用量为885 kg/hm2。 　　关键词：油菜长效专用配方肥；施肥量；产量；迟直播油菜 　　中图分类号：S147.22 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）17-4437-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.17.020 　　Abstract：Field experiments were carried out during 2014-2015 oilseed rape cropping season in Wuhan， to study the effects of the long-acting formula fertilizer rate on the growth and seed yield of direct-seeding oilseed rape. The results indicated that the application of the long-acting formula fertilizer could significantly promote nutrient uptake， improve dry matters weight， nutrient accumulation， effective plants and pods per plant. It could also increase seed yield by 4.6 to 11.7 folds in comparison with control. The dry matter and nutrient accumulation of the direct-seeding oilseed rape increased first with increase the fertilizer application rate， and then kept stable at rate of 750 kg/hm2. Effective plants and pods per plant followed the same pattern with dry matter and nutrient accumulation，however the critical application rate was much lower（600 kg/hm2）. The net profit and the value-to-cost ratio initially increased， and then decreased， finally peaked at the application rate of 900 kg/hm2. For the late direct-seeding oilseed rape， increasing the formula fertilizer rate to a certain exterd could increase the effective plants and pods per plant to improve seed yield. 　　Key words： long-acting formula fertilizer； fertilizer rate； seed yield； late direct-seeding oilseed rape 　　油菜是四大油料作物之一，在中国菜子油占国产油量的57.2%，在食用油供给中占有重要地位[1]。由于传统移栽生产模式需要耗费大量的人力物力，在农村劳动力减少和劳动力价格提高的大背景下，农民种油菜的积极性降低，油菜生产效益下降[2]，因此发展轻简式农业生产技术成为主要趋势。相对于传统的移栽种植模式，直播油菜种植模式减少了育苗、拔苗、栽苗等过程，省时省工，日益受到青睐，迅速发展成为一种重要的种植模式[3、4]。在油菜施肥技术中，分次施