专用生物菌剂和有机冲施肥对辣椒幼苗生长影响.docVIP

专用生物菌剂和有机冲施肥对辣椒幼苗生长的影响 　　摘要：以辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）品种苏椒14为试验材料，进行专用生物菌剂宁盾和有机冲施肥真根的苗期喷施处理，测定其生物量、根系和土壤微生物的变化。结果表明，有机冲施肥处理显著提高了辣椒幼苗的株高、茎粗和叶面积；专用生物菌剂和有机冲施肥都显著提高了辣椒幼苗的地上部和地下部的鲜重和干重。从对根系的影响来看，宁盾、真根处理根表面积和分叉数与对照差异显著。与原始土样相比，宁盾处理后辣椒根际土壤中的细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量均明显增加。由此可见，施用有机冲施肥对辣椒幼苗地上部和地下部的生长促进作用更明显，施用专用生物菌剂可以改善植物根际土壤环境。 　　关键词：专用生物菌剂；有机冲施肥；辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）；幼苗生长 　　中图分类号：S641.3；S144.1；S141 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）17-4433-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.17.019 　　Abstract： Taking the pepper Sujiao No.14 as test material， the pepper seedlings were sprayed special biological agent Ningdun and organic punching fertilizer Zhengen， the biomass， root and soil microbial changes were determinated. The results showed that， organic punching fertilizer treatment significantly increased the plant height， stem diameter and leaf area； special biological agent and organic punching fertilizer treatment significantly increased the aboveground and belowground fresh and dry weights of pepper seedling. Compared with the contrast， Ningdun and Zhengen treatment had significant difference in root surface area and branches of the root. Compared with the original soil， the number of bacteria， actinomycetes and fungi increased significantly in rhizosphere soil treated by Ningdun. It was concluded that the application of organic punching fertilizer promoted the growth of pepper seedlings aboveground and belowground obviously， the application of specific biological agent improved rhizosphere soil environment. 　　Key words： special biological agent； organic punching fertilizer； pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）； seedling growth 　　辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）原产于南美洲的玻利维亚、巴拉圭、墨西哥等地[1]，哥伦比亚航行美洲时将其带回欧洲，现已成为一种全球性的蔬菜作物。中国目前是世界上最大的辣椒生产国、消费国和出口国，在中国辣椒的种植面积仅次于白菜，产值和效益居蔬菜作物之首[2]。辣椒是浅根系作物，根系不发达，再生能力差。为了保护根系，促进缓苗，目前多采用营养钵或穴盘育苗。培育优质健壮的辣椒苗是减少畸形果，增加抗病性和获得高产的基础。 　　在穴盘育苗过程中，为了获得整齐健壮的幼苗，水肥管理必不可少，如何合理施用肥料是农业工作者的研究热点。近年来，集约化农业的发展大大提高了土地生产率和劳动生产率，但是过度种植加速了土地资源的退化，土壤有机质含量大幅下降，为了获得收益，大量施用农药化肥导致农产品污染超标、水体富营养化和土壤板结，给农业环境和人民