保花肥对水稻龙粳31产量及品质影响.docVIP

保花肥对水稻龙粳31产量及品质的影响 　　摘要 试验于2012年在857农场进行，以水稻龙粳31为供试品种，采用随机区组设计，研究保花肥施用尿素量对供试材料生长发育及产量和品质的影响，结果表明：施用保花肥对龙粳31叶面积指数（或高效叶面积指数）、总颖花量（或有效颖花量）、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重、产量及整精米产量各指标均有明显促进作用，单位面积穗数受保花肥影响不大；施氮量在22.5～67.5 kg/hm2范围内，各指标存在最适值，产量及整精米产量最高分别达到11 951、8 560 kg/hm2；供试品种保花肥氮量在45.0～67.5 kg/hm2范围内时精米率与整精米率有明显提高；高施氮量67.5～90.0 kg/hm2时，供试品种的垩白率与垩白度有显著增高、降低外观品质。适当施用保花肥，在提高龙粳31产量及整精米产量同时，不会降低水稻的品质。 　　关键词 水稻；龙粳31；保花肥；氮肥；产量；品质 　　中图分类号 S511.2+2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）15-0009-04 　　Abstract The aim of our study was to determine the effects of spikelet-developing fertilizer on the growth development，yield and quality of Longjing 31 which was as the material，with randomized block design at 857 Farm in 2012.The results suggested that the LAI，the total glumous flower number，the grain number per panicle，the seed setting rate，the 1000-kernel weight，yield and the whole milled grain yield of Longjing 31 were increased significantly and the panicle number per unit area was seldom changed using the spikelet-developing fertilizer. When the content of nitrogen fertilization ranged from 22.5 kg/hm2 to 67.5 kg/hm2，the values of those characters were optimal. Meanwhile，the yield and the whole milled grain yield reached to 1 1951 kg/hm2 and 8 560 kg/hm2，respectively. When the content of nitrogen fertilization ranged from 45.0 kg/hm2 to 67.5 kg/hm2，the rate of milled grain and the rate of whole milled grain were raised significantly. When the content of nitrogen fertilization ranged from 67.5 kg/hm2 to 90.0 kg/hm2，the percentage of grain with chalkiness and degree of endosperm chalkiness boosted significantly，which effected the appearance quality. Those results indicated that the yield and the whole milled grain yield of Longjing 31can be raised，while the quality of that cannot be effected，with optimal content of spikelet-developing fertilizer. 　　Key words rice；Longjing 31；spikelet-developing fertilizer；nitrogen fertilization；yield；quality 　　黑龙江省水稻种植面积有400万hm2，是全国最大的早粳稻米生产基地，也是我国重要的粮食主产区，对国内外粳米生产、销售