司法审判中单位证明现象法社会学分析.docVIP

司法审判中单位证明现象法社会学分析 　　DOI： 10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.2011.06.221 　　 　　［收稿日期］2011-06-22［本刊网址?在线杂志］/soc 　　［在线优先出版日期］2011-07-25 　　［基金项目］国家“211工程”三期重点学科建设项目（203000-123210301）； 浙江省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地浙江工商大学诉讼法学研究中心2010年科研项目（2010C012） 　　［作者简介］林劲松，男，浙江大学光华法学院副教授，法学博士，主要从事刑事诉讼法学和证据法学研究。 　　 　　（浙江大学 光华法学院， 浙江 杭州 310008） 　　 　　［摘 要］单位证明的证据效力缺乏足够的法理依据，但审判实践对单位证明的运用却十分普遍，这种现象的产生及其变化需要从法社会学角度进行分析。我国单位社会的形成是产生这一现象的社会基础，单位与个人之间管理与服从、控制与依赖的社会关系使单位成为证人的权威代言人，单位的同质化增强了单位证明司法运用的可接受性。随着单位社会的消解，单位证明现象呈现出日渐式微的趋势，审判模式的转型则加快了这一进程。单位证明最终应退出我国司法证明的历史舞台，但这需要一个较长的过程，其中如何看待法官的“单位情结”至关重要。 　　［关键词］司法审判； 单位证明； 单位社会； 法社会学 　　 　　A Legal Sociology Analysis of Certificates Issued by Units in Judicial Trials 　　Lin Jinsong 　　（Guanghua School of Law, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China） 　　 　　Abstract：The evidentiary effect of certificates issued by units is short of a basis in legal theory. Nevertheless, the certificates issued by units are in common use in judicial practices. The emergence and development of this phenomenon should be analyzed in the perspective of legal sociology. The social roots which make this phenomenon come into being lie in the advent of the unit system in China. On the one hand, in the unit society, the units supervise and control their members while the members are submitted to and dependant on the units. The social relationship between these two subjects results in a situation that the units become the authoritative spokesmen of the individual witnesses. On the other hand, homogeneity of the units enhances the acceptance of the certificates used in judicial trials. However, as the unit society of China is disintegrating, the phenomenon shows the tendency of a gradual decline. Furthermore, the transformation of the trial mode has accelerated this progress. Units certificates applied as evidence ought to vanish in the Chinese judicial practice, but this will undergo a fairly long process. In this process, it is extremely crucial for the judges to adopt a correct atti