第七章 RNA Processing.pptVIP

* * 第七章 RNA Processing In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, primary RNA transcripts undergo various alteration or processing events to become mature RNAs: The three commonest types are: 1, nucleotide removal by nucleases; 2, nucleotide addition to the 5’- or 3’-end, 3, nucleotide modification on the base or the sugar. 第一节 rRNA processing and ribosomes 一、rRNA processing in prokaryotes 1、 Seven different operons for rRNA dispersed thought out the genome. 2、The primary transcript is 30S (~6000nt). 3、 Each contains one copy of 5S,16S and 23S rRNA, together with some tRNA sequence. 4、 Rnase III is involved in rRNA processing. 30S transcript Primary rRNA processing in prokaryotes Pre-16S rRNA Pre-5S rRNA Pre-t RNA Pre-23S rRNA Pre-tRNA Precursors Mature rRNA Primary transcript RNase 16S rRNA的二级结构 5、The rRNA folds up into stem-loop structures by base pairing in the transcript 6、 Some specific proteins bind to the rRNA to form RNP complex 30S 亚基的三维结构 二、rRNA processing in eukaryotes 1、In the nucleolus, RNA polymerase I transcribes the rRNA, which usually exist in tandem repeats containing 100 or more copies of the transcription units . 2、 Primary transcript 47S, containing ETS external transcribed sequence ITS internal transcribed sequence ETS ITS ITS ETS Pre-18S Pre-5.8S Pre-28S 3、 The precursor folds and complexes with proteins as it is being transcribed in the nucleolus. 4、Many specific ribose methylations take place at over 100 sites and is carried out directly by a subset of snRNP particles. 5、snRNPs contain snRNAs that have short streches of complementarity to parts of the rRNA and, by base pairing with it, they define where methylation takes place. RNP(ribonucleoproteins)：RNA-Protein complexes 三、核糖体。由两个亚基组成，每个亚基由数十个蛋白质和3－4种rRNA组成。 第二节 tRNA Processing, RNaseP and ribozymes 1、In prokaryot