河套灌区畦灌畦田规格对灌水效果影响模拟分析.docVIP

河套灌区畦灌畦田规格对灌水效果影响模拟分析 　　Simulation of Impact Border Sizes to Irrigation Quality in Hetao Irrigation Area 　　摘要： 适宜的畦田长度和畦田宽度是减小深层渗漏量、改善灌水效果、提高灌溉水利用效率的重要保证，通过激光平地和一般机械平地条件下畦灌灌水技术参数组合，对不同畦田规格与灌水效果进行对比试验分析，主要结果为：得出了不同平地技术条件畦灌灌水技术参数组合对灌水均匀度和灌水效率的影响规律，确定了河套灌区不同平地技术条件下的灌水技术参数组合和适宜畦田规格；推荐的畦田长度为45～60m，畦田宽度不大于10m；由于灌区畦田入口流量较小，建议灌溉时应采用较大的单宽流量；在畦田长度、畦田宽度、灌水定额和单宽流量等参数相同的条件下，激光平地比一般机械平地对应的适宜畦田坡度降低显著，降低幅度在25.0%左右，对应的灌水效率和灌水均匀度增长3.0～6.0%。 　　Abstract： Suitable border length and width are to improve irrigation uniformity， reduce deep percolation of irrigation water， and are important guarantee for improving the irrigation utilization， study of technical parameters combinations of different specifications of irrigation and water-saving effect comparison test by border irrigation under different conditions. The main results are： draw a border irrigation technology parameters in different conditions the influence of a combination of irrigation efficiency， irrigation uniformity and irrigation efficiency， determine reasonable border specifications and features a combination of irrigation technology under different conditions Hetao irrigation area； it’s recommend the suitable border sizes is that border length control from forty-five to sixty meters， border width less than ten meters； border irrigation should try using a larger single-wide traffic in smaller irrigation furrow flow； the best slope of laser-controlled land grading procedures is laser significantly lower than conventional machine， and reduce the rate of about twenty-five percent， and irrigation uniformity is improve about three to six percent in the same parameters as irrigation quantity， single-wide， border length and width. 　　关键词： 畦田灌溉；畦田规格；灌水质量；灌水效率 　　Key words： border irrigation；border sizes；irrigation quality；irrigation efficiency 　　中图分类号：S275.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-4311（2018）15-0011-04 　　0 引言 　　目前畦灌仍是中国最常用的灌水技术，其灌水质量不高是大中型灌区普遍存在的问题[1-3]。灌水质量评价是灌区灌溉管理水平的重要依据，而畦田规格是影响灌水质量的一个重要因子。畦田规格是指畦田长度与宽度[4]。畦田宽度应考虑当地耕作现状和作物类型，以