《茶馆》创作始末——兼及不同文学本与演出本的比较中国现当代文学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 摘 要 《茶馆》是老舍一生中最优秀的戏剧创作，它图卷式的戏剧结构、生动精炼的人物 语言、鲜活的人物形象塑造以及具有多重内涵的主题意蕴，构成了《茶馆》独特的艺术 魅力。 文学界有些学者至今仍认为《一家代表》与《茶馆》有着直接或间接的联系，将其 视为《茶馆》的前身，或认为是这部话剧催生了《秦氏三兄弟》。事实上，阅读《一家 代表》，不难发现，该剧在情节、内容各方面与《茶馆》毫无相似之处，也没有出现“茶 馆”的场景，而其与《秦氏三兄弟》也只是同属于“社会——时政”型作品，除此之外， 再无更直接的联系。因此，将《一家代表》与《秦氏三兄弟》或《茶馆》关联起来的说 法并不成立。老舍将《秦氏三兄弟》中第一幕第二场单独抽出，使其成为《茶馆》第一 幕，在这一过程中，老舍对剧本做了修改，这些细节的修改，体现出老舍严谨的创作态 度。 《茶馆》不是作者一蹴而就的作品，而是在北京人民艺术剧院（简称北京人艺）排 演过程中，艺术不断精进的结果。老舍《茶馆》三个版本的文学本创作，汲取了北京人 艺对剧本修改的精当之处，而北京人艺对《茶馆》的二度创作，对其成为中国话剧史上 一个独特的篇章，助了不可或缺的一臂之力。 为使剧本能够演出，北京人艺对其增加了“红线”，这些硬加进去的“红线”，导致 演出本与文学本产生一些矛盾与裂痕，而这与中国在特殊历史时期紧张的政治形势和极 “左”的文坛创作氛围密切相关。然而，正是老舍执着的艺术坚守，终使我们看到了“原 汁原味”的文学本，而《茶馆》的艺术魅力及其所产出的巨大影响，则离不开北京人艺 付出的巨大努力。 关键字 老舍 《秦氏三兄弟》 《茶馆》 北京人艺 Abstract Abstract ‘Teahouse’ is the most magnificent work of Lao She. The unique artistic charm of ‘Teahouse’ consists of the picturesque dramatic structure, the refined vivid language, the fresh characterization and the multiple connotations of the main theme. Some literary scholars think that there is some direct or indirect connections between ‘Deputies from One Family’ and ‘Teahouse’ until today. They think ‘Deputies from One Family’ is the predecessor of ‘Teahouse’ or the catalyst of ‘Three Brothers of Qin Family’. By reading ‘Deputies from One Family’, we find that there is no connection in plot or content between ‘Deputies from One Family’ and ‘Teahouse’. The only similar aspect with ‘Three Brothers of Qin Family’ is that they are of the same social and political type. And aside of this, there is no more direct connections between this two work. During the process of his creating through some important details, that Lao She put Scene Two, Act One of ‘The Three Brothers of Qin Family’ as Act One of ‘Teahouse’ shows the compact attitude of Lao She. ‘Teahouse’ is not accomplished at one stoke, it is ameliorated constantly by Beijing People’s Art Theater during its rehearse. And the ongoing recreation of Beijing People’ Art Theater makes ‘Teahouse’ the special landmark in the histor