原本老乞大中的比较 比拟和选择问句式分析-the comparative comparison and choice sentence pattern analysis of laoqidazhong.docxVIP

摘 要 《老乞大》是元末明初用通行的北方汉语编写的，专供朝鲜人学习汉语的会 话课本。本文主要采用 2002 年外语教学与研究出版社《原本老乞大》和收入李 泰洙附录（一）“《老乞大》四种版本句节对照本”为研究材料，通过对《原本老 乞大》中的比较式、比拟式和选择问进行穷尽性的描写，深入分析每种句式的特 点、语义关系等，并通过《原本老乞大》与其它版本的比较，试图理清《原本老 乞大》三类特殊句式的发展脉络，分析、探讨《原本老乞大》所反映的句式特殊 性的原因。 通过研究发现，《原本老乞大》中的比较、比拟和选择问句式，既反映了当 时这三类句式的特殊性，又体现了汉语自身的发展规律。首先 ，《原本老乞大》 中的新成分、新用法，在一定程度上与北方汉语和蒙古语相互影响、渗透的语言 环境有关。实际上，以《原本老乞大》为代表的元代特殊汉语，是在特定的历史 条件下形成的一种汉语变体，这一口语文献中表现出的特殊语言成分都可以从蒙 古语中找到蛛丝马迹。其次，《老乞大》其它版本反映出，这三类句式在后来的 发展中向规范汉语的回归，这是符合汉语语法发展历史方向的。 全文共分五部分： 第一章 绪论 第二章 《原本老乞大》中的比较式 第三章 《原本老乞大》中的比拟式 第四章 《原本老乞大》中的选择问 第五章 结语 关键词：《原本老乞大》 比较句 比拟句 选择问句 蒙古语 汉儿言语 语言接触 ABSTRACT LaoQiDa, an oral textbook for Korean people to learn Chinese, was compiled in current Chinese language during the end of Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty. The author provides the ancient edition of LaoQiDa published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, version 2002 and appendix I in LaoQiDa four editions literal contrast written by LiTaizhu as research object. During the description of comparative patterns, analogous patterns and alternative questions in the book of ancient edition of LaoQiDa, analyze the characteristics and semantic relation in every sentence pattern deeply and thoroughly. After the comparison of the four editions of LaoQiDa, the author tries to get a clear picture of the development of the three special sentence pattern and to analyze the reasons which the ancient edition of LaoQiDa presents. It is found that the comparative patterns, analogous patterns and alternative questions in the ancient edition of LaoQiDa, are not only special but also reflected the development of Chinese language itself. The new components and usage are related to the mutual effect and penetration between northern Chinese and Mongolian in some extent. The special Chinese language appeared in Yuan Dynasty, represented by the ancient edition of LaoQiDa, is a kind of Chinese language variety formed by specific historical conditions. The special language components re