广东省气象灾害对冬种辣椒生产影响.docVIP

广东省气象灾害对冬种辣椒生产影响 　　摘 要 冬种辣椒是广东冬季农业生产的支柱产业。但冬种辣椒生产常常受寒潮、连阴雨、干旱等灾害性天气的威胁。调查广东省冬季气象灾害的发生规律，结合冬种辣椒的生长和栽培特点，探讨广东气象条件与冬种辣椒生产的关系，分析冬种辣椒面临的主要气象灾害的发生规律、特征及其对辣椒生产的影响。辣椒属喜光喜温作物，同时根系较浅，对水分要求严格。寒害是冬季辣椒生产面临的主要气象灾害；2、3月份的低温阴雨天气主要发生在粤北和珠三角地区，容易给辣椒造成渍害和湿害；冬季干旱发生频率也较大，珠江口北部以及雷州半岛地区是重点防范区域；而在全球变化的背景下，冬季暴雨对辣椒生产的影响亦不容忽视。因此，在农业生产中需要采取有效的防灾措施，提高广东省冬种辣椒生产的综合抗灾能力，并针对不同的天气状况提出相应的应对措施。 　　关键词 冬种辣椒 ；气象灾害 ；生产 　　中图分类号 S641.3 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2016.10.005 　　Abstract Pepper cultivation in winter is a pillar industry of agricultural production in winter in Guangdong Province， China. However， the pepper production in winter may be threatened by weather disasters such as cold current， continuous cold rain and droughts. The growth and cultivation of peppers in winter were discussed to investigate the occurrence regularity of weather disasters in Guangdong Province and the relationship between meteorological conditions and the growth of peppers in winter. Peppers growing in winter are fond of light and warmth， and have a strict requirement for water due to the shallow distribution of its roots. Cold injury is the major meteorological disaster， threatening pepper production in winter. Low temperature， overcast and rainy weather in February and March mainly occur in the northern part of Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta， causing injury of wet and water-logging to peppers. Drought in winter mainly occurs in the north of Pearl River estuary and Leizhou Peninsula. Meanwhile， rainstorm in winter is becoming an important factor that influences the growth of pepper due to global climate change. Thus， effective measurements should be taken to improve the resistance of peppers in winter to meteorological disasters. Some measurements were proposed to prevent and alleviate the damages of the meteorological disasters to peppers in winter. 　　Keywords Peppers ； meteorological disasters ； production 　　广东省地跨北热带、南亚热带和中亚热带，光、热、水资源十分丰富，拥有良好的气候条件，几乎全年都适合辣椒的生产种植，尤其冬暖气候优势突出，适合冬季辣椒种植[1]。南椒北运，广东成为我国