某高中结核病暴发流行病学分析.docVIP

某高中结核病暴发流行病学分析 　　[摘要] 目的 分析某高中暴发结核病的原因及学校结核病的流行水平，探讨学校结核病疫情的控制措施。 方法 运用现况调查的方法，通过拍摄X光片、痰涂片结核抗酸杆菌检测、结核菌素纯蛋白衍化物试验（PPD试验）检查接触者，早期发现感染者并进行防治。 结果 该校新发结核患者8 例，发病率为0.74%。在校师生PPD 阳性率为39.83%，强阳性率为8.82%。新发患者集中在密切接触者班级，首发患者可能是本次结核病暴发的传染源。 结论 通过采取密切接触者进行检查、结核病患者隔离治疗、结素试验强阳性学生自愿预防投药、通风消毒以及健康教育等控制措施，可有效控制学校的结核病疫情扩散。 　　[关键词] 结核病；暴发；流行病学调查；学校 　　Epidemiological analysis of an outbreak of tuberculosis in a high school 　　XU Kai1 ZHENG Linlin2 　　1.Department of Prevention， Dandong Tuberculosis Control and Prevention in Liaoning Province， Dandong 118000， China； 2.The 2nd Department of Clinical， Medical School of Eastern Liaoning University， Dandong 118000， China 　　[Abstract] Objective To analyze the outbreak causes of tuberculosis and prevalence level of a high school， and explore the epidemic control measures of tuberculosis in school. Methods Cross-sectional study was used to investigate contacts by X-rays， detection of sputum smear acid fast tuberculosis and purified protein derivative of tuberculin test （PPD test）， and discovered infections and prevented earlier. Results 8 cases of new tuberculosis were observed， the incidence rate was 0.74%. PPD positive rate of teachers and students was 39.83%， and strong positive rate was 8.82%. New patients concentrated in the class of closest contacts， and the first episode of tuberculosis patients may be the source of the infection outbreaks. Conclusion Tuberculosis epidemic in schools could be effectively controlled by detection of tuberculosis contacts， taking isolation and treatment of tuberculosis patients， voluntary administration prevention in strongly positive tuberculin test students， ventilation disinfection in workplace and health education. 　　[Key words] Tuberculosis； Outbreak； Epidemiological investigation； School 　　结核病是一种常见的慢性传染病，严重影响人类身体健康，我国每年报告肺结核发病和死亡人数约100万例，报告人数始终位居全国甲、乙类传染病的前列，结核病是我国重点控制的传染病之一。结核病好发于多年龄阶段，其中对青少年的影响尤为严重[1]。寄宿制高中人员集中、人口密度大，学生学业压力重，机体抵抗力低，一旦有传染性肺结核病发生，极易造成暴发流行，常引起学生家长及社会各界的恐慌，给学校的正常教学秩序造成很大负面影响。2012年丹