突破句子结构对单选题解题影响.docVIP

突破句子结构对单选题解题影响 　　纵观近几年高考题，高考单选题表现出了注重句子结构的分析和理解的特征。我们知道单选题在继承和发展以往注重语境化、交际化的基本特征的同时，又表现出了注重句子结构的分析和理解的特征。比如简单句型的题干明显减少，而更多地运用了并列句及复合句，在复合句的题干中往往又要添加一些插入语，附加成分等。这些新特征的出现给考生制造了不少的麻烦，下面结合典型试题来分析句子结构对单选题解题的影响，并给出相应的指导意见。 　　 　　一、 正确处理插入语等独立成分 　　 　　高考英语单项选择题往往在题干的关键部位增加插入语及介词、副词、名词、代词等附加内容，使原来连在一起的语境分开，解题难度陡然加大。插入语属于独立成分，它们与句子中的其它成分没有语法上的关系，多用于表示对一句话作附加的解释或评论，可放于句中任何位置，与句中的其它部分多用逗号隔开(但sb. think / hope / guess / believe / suppose等例外)。近年来高考题在句子结构方面出现很多插入语、呼语等独立成分的实例，应引起我们的重视。处理此类题目的方法是去掉插入语或呼语等内容，简化句子结构，因为这类独立成分往往只是使句子表意更准确，去掉它们完全不影响句子结构。 　　例1： Mum is coming. What present_____ for your birthday? （2005 福建） 　　A． you expect she has got 　　B． you expect has she got 　　C． do you expect she has got 　　D． do you expect has she got 　　解析： 选C。空档所在句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词What present后面被增加了插入语do you expect，其后应视为宾语从句，故应采用陈述语序。 　　例2： ―Is that the small town you often refer to? 　　―Right, just the one_____ you know I used to work for years.（2005福建） 　　A． that B． which C． where D． what 　　解析： 选C。答句中的you know为插入语，可将其去除，这样可清楚地看出先行词为the one，在定语从句中做地点状语，因此应用where来引导定语从句。 　　【即时巩固练习】 　　1． The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at_____ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004上海春招) 　　 A. as B. which C. what D. that 　　2． John plays football_____, if not better than,David. (1994全国) 　　 A. as well B. as well as 　　 C. so well D. so well as 　　3． He made another wonderful discovery,_____ of great importance to science.(1998上海) 　　 A. which I think is B. which I think it is 　　 C. which I think it D. I think which is 　　4． ―Where do you think_____ he_____ the computer? 　　―Sorry. I have no idea. 　　 A. has; bought B. 不填; bought 　　 C. did; buy D. had; bought 　　5. Who do you think_____ wants to go with to the science museum_____ in the 1950’s. 　　 A. he; building B. that he; building 　　 C. he; built D. that he; built 　　6. Last night I saw the man_____ you said was away. 　　A. who B. whom C. whose D. as 　　7． Mary,_____ here―everybody else, stay where you are. （全国卷Ⅰ） 　　 A. come B.