苯系物的新型吸收剂制备及性能研究环境工程专业论文.docxVIP

山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要  PAGE 7 摘 要 针对工业排放的大量有机废气，制备了一种新型吸收剂。首次以水和生物柴油为原 料，经乳化形成稳定的乳液，可提高生物柴油的吸收性能，有效去除废气中的甲苯。 本文选取两种乳化剂制备乳液，并考察了油水比、乳化剂 HLB 值、乳化剂添加量、 乳化时间和乳化温度对乳液稳定性的影响。将乳液作为甲苯废气的吸收剂，通过实验室 模拟废气，考察了其对甲苯废气及混合废气的去除率。结果表明，对于用复配表面活性 剂乳化形成的乳液 I，在油水比（质量比）为 7∶3，乳化剂 HLB（亲水亲油平衡值）值 为 10，乳化剂质量分数为 5%，乳化时间为 0.5h，乳化温度为室温时，乳液 I 的稳定性 最好，且对甲苯废气的去除率可达到 90.3%。对皂化形成的乳液 II，结果表明，在油水 比为 7：3，乳化剂添加量为 0.04%，乳化时间为 0.5h，乳化温度为室温时，乳液稳定性 最好。且对甲苯废气有着很好的吸收效果。 在考察吸收剂对含甲苯废气的吸收性能时，发现进口甲苯浓度，吸收温度，进气流 量等因素对吸收效率有显著的影响。其吸收率随着进口甲苯浓度的增大而增大。随着吸 收温度的增加，吸收率是逐渐降低的。进气风量越小，吸收效率越好。同时考察了吸收 剂对混合废气的吸收效果。 考虑到原料的重复利用性，研究了所制备乳液的破乳方法，通过实验证明采用化学 破乳法对乳液有明显破乳效果，且不影响再次使用。因此，大大降低了吸收废气的成本 。 关键词：有机废气治理；新型吸收剂；生物柴油；乳化；破乳 ABSTRACT The vola tile organic compounds (VOCs) in the exhaust gas is one important reason for air pollution. In this paper, a new absorbent is prepared for purifying VOCs from exhaust gases. A stable emulsion is using water and biodiesel as raw materia l for the first time. This new absorbent can improve the absorptive efficiency of biodiesel, and it is used to remove toluene-containing waste gas. In this paper, the emulsion can be made of two kinds of emulsifier. Through the varia nce analysis of exper imental data, effect of various factors (ratio of Biod iesel and water ，HLB of emulsifier ， amounts of emulsifier ， emulsifying time and emulsifying temper ature)on the stability of emulsion has been invest igated. The results show that the suitable conditions for absorbent preparation are as follow ing: for emulsion I, the ratio of Biod iesel and water is 7: 3; the HLB of emulsifier is 10，the amounts of emulsi fier is 5%，the emulsifying time is 0.5h and the emulsifying temperature is room temperature. The emulsion is used to absorb toluene- containing waste gas. The exhaust gas is made in the laboratory. The exper imental data can be obtained by gas chromatography. And the optima l operation conditions are established too. The results show that the remova l ratio of toluene in the exhaust gas can reach up to 90.