定洲电厂气化小油枪点火稳燃控制系统改造方案研究-控制工程专业论文.docxVIP

华北电力大学硕士学位论文 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 I I 摘 要 目前，随着火电厂机组容量的不断提高，同时为了满足电网调峰的要求，点 火及稳燃用油作为电厂运行中的重要参数，其控制效果的优劣直接决定着火电厂 的安全性和经济性。传统的点火控制系统通过 DCS 控制先点燃燃油，然后使用燃 油的火焰去进一步点燃锅炉一次风携带的煤粉，这种燃烧控制方法经济性较差， 当机组负荷发生较大变化时，控制效果明显变差。 气化小油枪点火稳燃技术控制系统通过控制压缩空气的高速射流将燃料油 直接击碎，雾化成超细油滴进行燃烧，同时用燃烧产生的热量对燃料进行初期 加热；在预热过程中，煤粉气流必然伴有热解反应和化学反应，煤粉释放出挥 发分；首先用少量微油点燃很少量煤粉气流，再用已点燃的煤粉气流实现逐级 扩大燃烧，在极短的时间内完成油滴的蒸发气化，使油枪在正常燃烧过程中直 接燃烧气体燃料，从而大大提高燃烧效率及火焰温度。 本文对国华定洲电厂当前点火控制系统及气化小油枪点火稳燃技术控制系 统的应用状况进行了深入剖析。通过对电力企业气化小油枪点火的可靠性、经 济性、改造的可行性等几个方面进行深入研究，最终决定采取气化小油枪点火 实现节能目标。通过就地控制柜与 DCS 连接构成一个气化小油枪点火远方控制 系统的改造方案，实现对气化小油枪点火的稳定控制，能够实现机组冷热态启 动及低负荷稳燃的控制，在节能的同时降低生产人员的工作压力。 关键词：气化小油枪点火，自动化水平，逐级 燃烧，稳燃控制，节能 II II Abstract At present, with capacity of the units continues to improve, thermal power plants need to meet demands of power peaking. In the power plant, as an important parameter, the control effect of ignition and stable combustion oil will directly determine plant’s safety and economy. The traditional ignition control system through DCS control to ignited fuel, and then further to ignite the pulverized coal carried by primary air which used the flame of the oil, combustion control method of this is poor economy,when the load changes or other disturbances occur, the control effect gets worse. Gasification of small oil gun ignition stable combustion control technology control the high-speed jet flow of compressed air to directly crushed the fuel, atomized into ultrafine droplets for combustion,at the same time, The heat generated by combustion to heat the initial fuel;In the preheating process,with the pyrolysis reaction and chemical reaction, the pulverized coal released of volatile;First, the very small amount of pulverized ignited by a small amount of oil,and then to achieve the expanded of step by step burning which pulverized coal is lighted,in a very short period of time to complete evaporation of droplet gasification and combustion gas fuel of the oil gun in the normal course of direct combustion, thus greatly improving the combu