淀粉蒙脱土复合材料的制备和性能研究-材料学专业论文.docxVIP

上海交通大学硕士论文摘要 上海交通大学硕士论文 摘要 - - I - 淀粉/ 蒙脱土复合材料的制备与性能研究 摘要 淀粉塑料作为生物降解材料大家庭的成员之一 凭借其广泛的原 料来源 低价的价格以及优异的降解性能等得天独厚的优势 已被 业界公认为极具发展潜力的新型生物降解材料的代表 不过由于淀 粉属于含多羟基的刚性天然高分子材料 吸湿性以及脆性等缺陷一 直阻碍着该类材料的大量应用 改善淀粉塑料的耐吸湿性 提高材 料的韧性以及热稳定性 是淀粉塑料的发展方向 蒙脱土作为一种 具有纳米级片层结构的硅酸盐矿物 如果能够以单个片层的形式无 序分散到淀粉塑料中 形成剥离型的复合结构 将能够有效改善淀 粉塑料的耐吸湿性 同时对于提高材料的热稳定性以及韧性也是有 所帮助的 本文采用熔融插层的制备工艺 通过对蒙脱土实施水化 溶涨的处理方法 成功制备了具有剥离型复合结构的淀粉/蒙脱土复 合材料 并对影响复合材料结构和性能的因素加以分析和讨论 发 现蒙脱土片层无序分散到淀粉分子间 凭借物理或化学交联点与淀 粉分子发生交联作用 能够限制淀粉分子的运动 有效改善材料的 耐吸湿性能 耐热性能以及强度 超过 8%的蒙脱土无法均匀无序的 分散到淀粉分子间 局部的蒙脱土片层团聚会削弱淀粉的分子间作 用力 从而影响到蒙脱土对材料性能的提升 关键字 蒙脱土 淀粉 复合材料 塑化 熔融插层 共混 上海交通大学硕士学位论文摘要 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 摘要 - - II - Preparation and Properties of Starch/MMT Composites Abstract As one of the biodegradable materials, starch plastics has been viewed as the delegate of biodegradable materials with greatly developing potential in the future for its abundant raw materials, low cost and good degradation properties. However, starch belongs to rigid natural polymer with many hydroxyls, some shortcomings like moisture absorption and brittleness always block its application. So how to improve starch’ s anti-absorption, toughness and thermal stability will be the direction of developing starch plastics. Montmorillonite(MMT) is a type of silicate mineral with nano-scale layer structure. If it could be distributed into starch plastics with single layers and form intercalation or exfoliation structure, starch plastics’ properties like anti-absorption, toughness and thermal stability will be improved. In this paper, we prepared MMT/starch composites with intercalation or exfoliation structure successfully by means of melt intercalation process and discussed something that influent the structure and properties of composites. After a serial of analysis, we think that when MMT’ s layer structure is distributed into starch disorderly, starch molecule’ s movement will be limited by reciprocities between MMT and starch, which is helpful to improve starch’ s properties. When the content