定向碳纳米管天然橡胶复合材料的制备及性能研究-材料学专业论文.docxVIP

青岛科技大学研究生学位论文 万方数据 定向碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料的制备及性能研究 摘 要 近年来，碳纳米管受到人们的广泛关注，并取得了可观的研究成果。碳纳米 管力学性能优异，并具有极高的导热和导电性能，但在利用碳纳米管对复合材料 进行改性的过程中，其优良的性能并未得到充分的发挥，如何充分利用碳纳米管 在轴向方向上的优良性能，成为许多科研工作者的研究的目标。 本课题首先利用两种形貌的碳填料：炭黑和碳纳米管，对天然橡胶进行共填 充，通过改变两者之间的配比，研究了两种碳填料对复合材料导热性能、力学性 能、导电性能的协同效应。研究表明：碳纳米管和炭黑对于不同的性能都存在一 个最佳配比。当碳纳米管通过机械剪切发生取向后，复合材料表现出明显的各向 异性。 利用两种形貌不同的导热填料：氮化铝和碳纳米管，对天然橡胶进行填充改 性。研究表明：??米级的氮化铝与碳纳米管配合使用对复合材料导热性能的改善 明显优于微米级的氮化铝。当纳米氮化铝和碳纳米管的体积分数为 1:1 时，复合 材料的导热性能最优，其力学性能随着碳纳米管含量的增加而逐渐改善。碳纳米 管的机械定向使复合材料的导热性能和力学性能均呈现各向异性。 本课题还提出了一种制备定向碳纳米管填充的天然橡胶复合材料的新方法， 首先利用溶液共混的方法，将碳纳米管添加到天然橡胶的甲苯溶液中，制备得到 混合胶乳。然后使碳纳米管在流场剪切力的作用下，诱导发生取向。实验制备得 到了不同碳纳米管填充分数下的复合材料，并通过透射电子显微镜和偏振拉曼光 谱证实并观察了碳纳米管的定向状况。碳纳米管发生取向后的复合材料的导热性 能和动态力学性能具有明显的变化。 关键词：天然橡胶 碳纳米管 定向 各向异性 流场 I  PREPARATION AND RESEARCH ON NR COMPOSITE FILLED WITH ORIENTTATIONAL MWNTS ABSTRACT Recently, carbon nanotubes have attracted widespread attentions, and considerable achievements have been got. It has excellent mechanical properties, high thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, but the composite filled with carbon nanotube doesn’t show an outstanding performance just because that the superior properties of carbon nanotubes have not been fully exploited. It has been a research focus to take advantage of carbon nanotubes excellent performance in the axial direction to improve the properties of composite. In this study, first, two morphologies carbon filler: carbon black and carbon nanotubes were utilized to fill natural rubber jointly. The thermal conductivity, mechanical properties and electric conductivity of composite varying with the ratio between the two fillers have been studied. It showed that: there was always an optimal proportion of the two fillers to some performance of the composite. Alignment of carbon nanotube caused by mechanical shearing always made the composites show significant anisotropy. Two different morphologies of thermally conductive fillers: aluminum nitride and carbon nanotubes were also used to modify natural rubb