定向遗忘的年老化效应-应用心理学专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 摘要 定向遗忘又称有意遗忘,是一种有效的控制意识内容的认知机制。 近年来，关于定向遗忘的研究已逐渐成为又一个心理学研究者关注的 热点问题。本研究分别采用项目法和字表法，以负性情绪词汇和正性 情绪词汇为材料，并采用外显和内隐任务，以年轻人和老年人为被试， 验证并比较他们的定向遗忘水平，以进一步扩展相关的研究结果。项 目法中分别采用再认、回忆和词干补笔三种任务测试遗忘、记忆效果。 字表法中，并分别采用再认和回忆两种任务测试记忆效果。并对实验 结果进行进方差分析。项目法实验结果显示在三种任务类型下，年轻 组和老年组均出现了定向遗忘效应。年龄与线索词词性产生了交互效 应，指示词与词表交互效应不显著；字表法实验结果显示，再认任务 下年轻人和老年人均不存在定向遗忘效应，指示词与词表交互效应不 显著。回忆任务下年轻人和老年人均存在定向遗忘效应。 关键词：定向遗忘 老年 老化 I ABSTRACT Directed forgetting, also known as intentional forgetting, is one kind of effective cognitive mechanisms regulating consciousness . In recent years, the research on directed forgetting has gradually become a hot issue in psychology. The subjects of this study were young people and older people. The study methods were the “items” and “lists”. Controlling three kinds of tasks(recognition, recall, supplement), we compared the levels of directed forgetting between older people and young people. The results has enriched the findings in this research field. In the “items” experiment, we found that the young and older subjects who fulfilling the three tasks have the directed forgetting effect. There was a interactive effect between the subjects’ age and the attributes of the emotional words; In the “list” experiment, we have not found the evidence of directed forgetting both in the young and older people when they facing the “recognition” task, and the interactive effect between the instruction and the content was not obvious. There was directed forgetting both in the young and older people when they facing the “recall” task. KeyWords ：directed forgetting ， old ， ageing II  1 引言 21 世纪，老龄化已经成为世界人口发展的普遍趋势。联合国规定，60 ??及 以上的人口占总人口的比率超过 10%就为老龄化社会。据国务院全国老龄工作办 公室于 2011 年公布的《中国老龄事业发展“十二五”规划》提供的数据，中国 从 2011 至 2015 年，老年人口已由 1.78 亿增加到 2.21 亿。预计到 2050 年 前后，60 岁以上老年人口将达到全国总人口的 1/3。而老龄人口中生活自理能 力下降或丧失的群体数量也在不断上升。《社会蓝皮书:2014 年中国社会形势分 析与预测》指出,截至 2013 年底,我国生活不能自理的失能老人数量己经超过 3700万人。老龄问题已成为亟待妥善处理的中国式社会难题。 对于老年人而言，随着年龄的增长，他们将面对感觉退化、行动不便、反应 迟缓等方面的生理变化，以及随之而来的心理变化。他们需要对自己和环境进行 重新认知、重新评价以及重新适应。如何帮助老年