心衰英文讲稿.ppt

Adaptive mechanisms of neurohormonal Increased Sympathetic Activity Activation of the renin-angiotensin system(RAS) Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) is elevated ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) released CNP (c-natriuretic peptide) Bradykinin 缓激肽 Endothelin. Ventricle remodeling 4 forms of heart failure Acute heart failure 按心衰发展速度 Chronic heart failure Left-sided heart failure 根据心衰发生部位 Right-sided heart failure Biventricular failure 根据心脏的收缩性 Systolic heart failure 舒张性可 分为 Diastolic heart failure in addition；： Forward vs. backward heart failure Asymptomatic vs.congestive heart failure Low-output vs : Congenital, Valvular, Rheumatic, Hypertensive, Coronary, Cardiomyopathic high-output heart failure : Anemia, Systemic Arteriovenous Fistulas, Hyperthyroidism, Beriberi Heart Disease , Paget” Disease ,Fibrous dysplasia, etc Cough Sputum production A nocturnal dry cough due to bronchial oedema or cardiac asthma Increased respiratory rate、 Wheezing Hemoptysis Frothy pink-tinged sputum due to pulmonary oedema Reduced exercise capacity Fatigue and weakness , dizzy agrypnode Pallor, cyanosis, tachycardia blood pressure decrease Physical sign Accentuation of p2 肺动脉瓣区第二心音亢进 Systolic murmurs 心尖区相对性收缩期杂音 pulsus alternans 交替脉 Urinary Symptoms renal function decline nocturia ↑, oliguria Proteinuria granular cast , Hepatic region symptom congestive hepatomegaly 肝淤血肿大 abdom