近30年宁夏森林资源发展变化分析.docVIP

近30年宁夏森林资源发展变化分析 　　摘要：简要介绍宁夏近30年森林资源的变化情况，详细阐述贺兰山、罗山、宁南六盘山森林资源变化情况,分析变化原因,提出当前人工造林存在的问题.由于宁夏干旱少雨,建议在今后造林时不能仅盲目追求森林覆盖率,还要充分考虑土壤及气候条件,做到适地适树,乡土树种、多树种合理配置. 　　关键词：森林资源；发展变化；森林覆盖率；宁夏 　　中图分类号：S750；F316.23 　　文献标识码：A文章编号：1671-3168(2010)05-0098-05 　　 　　Development and Changes of Forest Resources of Ningxia in Nearly Thirty Years 　　Wang Dong-qing1,2,Li Guo-qi1,2 　　（1.Key Laboratory for Restoration and Regeneration of Degenerated Ecosystem in Northwest China of Ministry of Education,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China; 2.United Research Center for Exploitation of Ecological and Biological Resources in West China,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China） 　　Abstract: Changes of forest resources of Ningxia in nearly 30 years are briefly introduced. Details about changes of forest resources in Helan Mountain, Luoshan, southern Ningxia Liupanshan are elabrated and causes of changes are analyzed. Current problems in plantation are summarized.Due to drought in Ningxia, it is suggested that in the future, we can not just blindly pursue forest coverage rate but give full consideration to soil and climatic conditions, so that suitable trees, native species for local can be chosed , and rational distribution of tree species will be accomplished. 　　Key words: forest resources; development and changes; forest coverage rate; Ningxia. 　　 　　1 自然概况 　　宁夏位于我国西北部，东经104°17′～107°39′，北纬35°1.5′～39°2′.南接甘肃、东壤陕西、东北邻内蒙古，海拔1 000～2 200 m，全区面积约为6.6万km2.气候属温带大陆型气候，年均气温5～9℃，南低北高，平均日照时数达3 000 h，昼夜温差为10～16℃.年均降水量为180～650 mm，由南向北递减，多集中在7～9月，无霜期为124～162 d. 　　地貌可分为黄土高原、鄂尔多斯台地、洪积冲积平原及六盘山、罗山、贺兰山等山地.地势南高北低.全区平原川地、盆地占土地总面积的31％，丘陵占39％，山地占23%，沙漠占7％.土壤构成从南到北主要分布有黑垆土、灰钙土、灰漠土和棕漠土，自上而下有山地草甸土、山地棕壤土、山地灰褐土、山地灰钙土,沼泽土、盐碱土、白僵土呈零星分布. 　　2 宁夏森林资源变化情况 　　宁夏天然次生林主要分布在六盘山、贺兰山、罗山3个天然林区和灵武干旱草原地区的灌木林丛. 　　解放初全区只有3处林相残败不全的天然次生林和466.67 hm2人工林,森林覆盖率为0.5%［1］. 　　“六五”森林资源清查,有林地面积为11.83万 hm2，疏林地面积1.13万 hm2，灌木林面积6.48万 hm2，未成林造林地17.72万 hm2，苗圃地0.22万 hm2，宜林地27.00万 hm2，森林覆盖率为1.8％.自治区有林地以人工林为主.人工林面积7.40万 hm2，占有林地面积的62.6％;天然林面积4.