里约奥运会亚军蔡泽林竞走技术特点及突破点运动学研究.docVIP

里约奥运会亚军蔡泽林竞走技术特点及突破点运动学研究 　　摘 要：?榇俳?我国男子竞走项目在伦敦世锦赛和东京奥运会上取得更大突破，以里约奥运会男子20 km竞走亚军――我国运动员蔡泽林的竞走技术为研究对象，运用专家访谈法和生物力学测试法等对蔡泽林的竞走技术进行运动学分析。认为：蔡泽林步长大、步频低，具有幅度型运动员的技术特征；常速走单步时间比较均衡，高速走右脚时间短；左腿支撑阶段身体上下起伏距离和腾空距离过大；蔡泽林动作结构变化大，常速走先全脚掌着地后大腿重叠，高速走先大腿重叠，后全脚掌着地；蔡泽林存在腾空和转换时间长，前支撑时间和后蹬时间短，转换速度慢，躯干前倾过大的技术问题；高速走后摆大，常速走后摆不足；前摆大小臂夹角偏小；高速走两腿夹角增大，但常速走摆动腿屈曲，导致两腿夹角不足；常速走重叠膝关节角度合理，高速走膝关节角度过小，摆动腿放松不足。着地阶段脚掌着地角过小，造成躯干前倾，身体上下起伏过大，降低技术稳定性。建议训练中加强技术结构稳定性，提高躯干直立水平，加大常速走动作幅度，增大支撑腿着地角，延长前支撑时间，加快转换速度，降低身体起伏距离，减小腾空距离和时间，改进竞走技术。 　　关键词：竞走；运动学；技术；蔡泽林 　　中图分类号：G 821 文章编号：1009-783X（2017）05-0451-08 文献标识码：A 　　Abstract： In order to further promote the Chinese mens race walk to make greater achievement in London World Championship and the Tokyo Olympic Games， taking silver medal winner CAI Zelin in mens 20km in Rio Olympic Games as research subject， using the methods of expert interview and biomechanical testing， this paper makes kinematic analysis on the techniques of CAI Zelin. The result shows that CAI Zelin walks with long step length and low frequency， with technical characteristics of amplitude type athletes； right step time is shorter in high speed and balanced in normal speed； fluctuate and flight distance is large during left leg support； movement structure is not stability， the whole foot land on the ground is behind swing thigh overlap support thigh in normal speed and the swing thigh overlap support thigh is behind the whole foot land on the ground time； the time of flight and conversion is longer， while the time of front support and push in takeoff is short， and the low conversion stage speed and big trunk forward are the key technical problems； the characteristics of elite race walker swing is large， and the back swing is large in high speed and is small in normal speed； the angle of the elbow front swing is deficient； the angle of walking legs increases the high speed， but normal speed walking swing leg buckling， leading to lack of constant speed walking legs angle； the angle of knee joint