动态等离子体影响下GPS信号捕获跟踪研究-电子与通信工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 飞行器高速再入大气的过程中，与大气发生剧烈的摩擦，从而在飞行器表面 形成一层动态的等离子体，即等离子鞘套，可以造成通信中断，称之为黑障现象。 动态等离子体使信号产生的幅度衰减和相位抖动是造成黑障现象的重要原因之一。 GPS 信号受到等离子鞘套的影响，接收机无法捕获和跟踪 GPS 信号，从而不能实 现定位。因此改善等离子鞘套影响下 GPS 接收机性能变得很有意义。 本文中通过建立简化的动态等离子体模型，计算动态等离子体影响下 GPS 信 号的传输函数，从而研究动态等离子体下 GPS 信号特点，分析对接收机捕获和跟 踪算法的影响。在飞行器高度为 100Kft 时，等离子体产生幅度衰减超过了 25dB， 相位抖动均方差为 0.112 rad。在设计接收机捕获跟踪算法时，本文既考虑了动态 等离子体对信号的影响，又考虑了飞行器的高动态对接收信号的影响。针对 GPS 信号在等离子体影响下产生的幅度衰减和相位抖动，文中采用长数据累积的方法， 比较了在低信噪比下长时间累积的各种捕获算法，分析并仿真相位抖动下捕获性 能，并且研究了在飞行器高动态对捕获累积时间的影响，设计等离子体和大多普 勒共同影响下信号捕获方案，实现信噪比-31dB 下多普勒一阶变化率为 500Hz/s 时的信号捕获。跟踪时信号幅度的衰减最终反映在环路的信噪比比中，文中相位 噪声对文中对环路中总的相位噪声进行分析，采用点积叉积鉴频器，锁频环辅助 锁相环(FLL-PLL)，高阶环路滤波器等完成了等离子体和大多普勒同时影响下的 信号跟踪算法设计，实现载噪比 32dBHz 下，一阶多普勒变化率 500Hz/s、二阶变 化率为 300Hz/s2 时的信号跟踪。 关键字：动态等离子体 GPS 接收机 捕获 跟踪 多普勒   Abstract During reentering the atmosphere in a high speed, an aircraft cause intense friction with the air, which raises dynamic plasma, i.e., plasma sheath on the surface. The plasma sheath will interrupt communication, which is called Blackout phenomenon. The amplitude attenuation and phase jitter generated by dynamic plasma sheath is one of the most important reasons that cause Blackout phenomenon. Working in the L-band, GPS signal also is affected by the plasma sheath, and cannot be captured, so that the positioning of receiver cannot be achieved. Thus improving the performance of GPS receiver under the influence of dynamic plasma is significant. In this paper, by establishing a simplified dynamic plasma model, the calculation of transfer function was done to study the signal characteristic under plasma sheath and analyze the impact on acquisition and tracking. When the height of aircraft is 100Kft, amplitude attenuation is over 25dB and MSE of phase jitter is 0.112rad. In this paper the impact of high dynamic was also taken into consideration. Long signal block accumulation acquisition methods were used. Different acquisition algorithm and corresponding performance were analyzed and the performance the impact of aircraft’s