有机化学Chap 12(2012-1)课件.ppt

Chapter 12 Nitrogenous Compounds and Alkaloids;quaternary ammonium salt;胺：有机非离子型 (amine );aliphatic amines:;The systematic nomenclature names amines analogously to alcohol. Another method names amines as substituted alkanes. . The names of aromatic amines are base on the parent compound, called benzenamine（苯胺） by the official world and aniline (or aminobenzene) by everyone else Amines bearing different R are named by ordering the groups alphabetically ;1-amino-3-methylbutane;II. Structure of Amines; ammonia;Ⅲ. Preparation of Aromatic Amine;Ⅳ. Chemical Properties:;Sequence of the basicity of amines;Procaine （普鲁卡因）;盐酸双氯醇胺、盐酸克仑特罗 ;2. Acylation;×;Acetanilide had been used as antifebric, but its toxicity is too high. ;3. Sulfonylation;crystal;The above reaction is named Hinsberg Reaction（兴斯堡反应 ）. Using this reaction can distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary amines. The products of primary amines react with benzene sulfonyl chloride is weak acid, so can dissolve in sodium hydroxide solution. The products of secondary amines are crystal, and can not dissolve in sodium hydroxide solution. For tertiary amines, this reaction can not take place.;4. React with nitrous acid (HNO2);(2) Secondary amines;(3) Tertiary amines;emerald green solid;Because primary amines react with nitrous acid will give nitrogen gas; secondary amines will produce yellow oil and the products of aromatic tertiary amines are yellow solid. So it is easy to distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary amine by reacting with nitrous acid.;Something More:;;white precipitation;V. Important Amines;Dopamine (DA，多巴胺), the decrease of DA will cause parkinsonism.;瑞典阿尔维德·卡尔松(Arvid Carlsson ) ;5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-羟色胺) , Serotonine (血清胺 );Melatonin (MLT) ;Fluoxetine (氟西汀 );Paroxetine，Seroxat（帕罗西汀，赛乐特） ;(S)和(R)-西布曲明;epinephrine;ephedrine;deoxyephedrine, “ice,” a popular pep pill.;？;Can we use Clemmensen Reaction to reduce the carbonyl group? Why?;Clemmensen Reaction;Route 2:;Ecstasy, 3,4-methylenedioxymet