淮安市农田肥料投入和养分平衡分析.docVIP

淮安市农田肥料投入和养分平衡分析 　　摘要 通过近20年对淮安市农田主要作物肥料投入与产出的养分平衡定点监测，结果表明：氮素投入盈余过剩，磷素仍有盈余，钾素亏缺数量较大，耕层土壤种植小麦、水稻以及经济作物对化学肥料的依赖性越来越高，地力贡献率逐年下降。2008—2012年氮素投入平均盈余259.05 kg/hm2，磷素平均盈余76.05 kg/hm2，钾素平均亏缺211.35 kg/hm2；2007—2012年地力贡献率平均年递减3.6个百分点，小麦对肥料的依赖性高于水稻，平均高出6.5个百分点，经济作物对化学肥料的依赖性更高，平均分别高出小麦、水稻12.1、18.6个百分点。 　　关键词 农田；肥料投入；产出；养分平衡；江苏淮安 　　中图分类号 S158.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2014）01-0229-03 　　Analysis on Fertilizer Input and Nutrient Balance of Farmland in Huai′an City 　　MA Yu-jun 1 NI Yan-cheng 2 YANG Yong-zhao 2 CHEN Ling-li 2 TANG Song-tao 1 SONG Wen-ping 3 WANG Jin 3 　　（1 Huai′an Soil and Fertilizer Technology Guidance Station in Jiangsu Province，Huai′an Jiangsu 223001； 2 Huai′an Agricultural Product Quality Inspection and Testing Center； 3 Huai′an Soil and Fertilizer Technical Service Department） 　　Abstract The fixed-point monitoring of the nutrient balance of main crop fertilizer input and output in Huai′an City was carried out during nearly last 20 years. The results showed that nitrogen input surpluses，phosphorus was in surplus，deficiency of potassium in larger quantities，soil，rice and wheat crops reliance on chemical fertilizers was more and more high，fertility rate declined year by year. During 2008 to 2012，average nitrogen input was 259.05 kg/hm2 in surplus，average phosphorus was 76.05 kg/hm2 in surplus，average potassium deficited for 211.35 kg/hm2. During 2007 to 2012，average annual fertility rate decreased by 3.6 percentage points，and dependence rate on fertilizer wheat was higher than that on rice，amounting to 6.5 percentage points. The dependence rates economic crops on chemical fertilizers were higher，and the average dependence higher than wheat and rice by 12.1 and 18.6 percentage points respectively. 　　Key words farmland；fertilization input；yield；nutrient balance；Huai′an Jiangsu 　　本研究旨在对农田的实际施肥量和产出量进行监测，掌握作物的施肥动态变化、农田养分平衡状况，及时发现实际施肥中存在的问题，为农作物科学施肥提供依据，进而提高肥料产出率和利用率，改善农田养分平衡状况。 　　1 材料与方法 　　1.1 调查地概况 　　监测地点为江苏省淮安市，属黄淮平原和江淮平原，粮食主产区之一，国家商品粮生产基地，是传统农业大市，主要耕作制度