考古学和中国古代体育史研究.doc

考古学和中国古代体育史研究 　　摘要：本文根据考古发现的有关资料，对近几十年来中国古代体育史研究的几个方面进行了针对性地分析。研究的内容主要包括对体育起源新线索的分析、球类资料的发现与古代的球类运动、兵械拳术的演变与古代武术的发展以及养生技术的进步与养生体育体系的形成等。从一系列史前时期的考古发现所反映出的原始竞技、舞蹈的产生与发展，表明人们的身体练习已经成为包括体育在内的具有多种意义的重要社会活动。而随着历史的发展，以蹴鞠（足球）、马球、捶丸（高尔夫）、武术以及保健养生等为代表的体育活动形式，逐渐成为了中国古代体育活动的重要内容，并在人类体育发展史上产生了重要影响。本文认为，利用考古学的方法，以考古发掘或传世之遗物或遗迹中的体育文物为母体，对古代体育史进行实证性的分析、探讨，以揭示古代体育各类运动形式之发展演化的规律，将是我们体育史学工作者和历史及考古工作者今后努力的方向。 　　关键词：考古学，体育起源，古代体育，体育文物 　　 　　Abstract：In accordance with the related materials of archaeological discoveries, this paper makes a directive analysis of the study on history of ancient Chinese sports over the last decades. The study mainly includes analysis of new clues on the origin of sports, discovery of materials about balls and the ancient ball games, evolution of weaponry and Chinese boxing, development of ancient Wushu, progress of health preservation technology and formation of health preservation sports system.The formation and development of primordial athletics and dance, which is reflected from a series of prehistoric archaeological findings, indicate that physical exercise has become important social activities, including sports, which have multiple significances. With the development of human history, kinds of sports represented by Cuju (soccer), polo, Chuiwan (golf), Wushu, as well as health care and preservation, have gradually become an important part of ancient Chinese sports and made a major impact in the development of human history. This paper considers that workers of sports history and archaeology should reveal in the future the disciplines in development and evolution of all types of ancient sports forms. In this process, we should use archaeological approaches, depend on the sports relics from the archaeological excavations or heritages, and analyze the history of ancient sports empirically.. 　　Key words：Archaeology， Origin of Sports， Ancient Sports， Sports Relics 　　 　　中国体育史学的研究是从19世纪末的维新运动开始的。但直到“五四”运动以前，基本上还是对欧洲和日本体育史的简单介绍。1919年，郭希汾先生编著了我国第一部体育史专