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说明类阅读理解常见题型和解题策略
说明类阅读理解常见题型和解题策略
说明文以知授人,即通过解说事物、阐明事理以给人知识。根据说明对象的不同,说明类阅读理解分为事物说明文与事理说明文,有时文中说明事物与阐释事理兼而有之。事物说明文通常对事物的外形、特点、功能等做客观而准确的说明,事理说明文则是对某个抽象的事理的成因、关系、原理等进行解说。说明类阅读理解的常见题型与解题技巧如下:
1. 主旨大意题
说明文总会围绕着某一事物或事理展开,这一中心的最直接体现便是文章的标题,而文章的标题无疑是文章主旨大意最集中的体现。确定说明文的主旨大意须留意以下特殊位置:①各段主旨句,尤其是文章首尾段主旨句;② 全文中心词或高频词汇。然后再通观文章结构关系(段落间关系有:并列关系、递进关系、总分关系等)而最终下定论,故主旨大意题往往作最后一题来解答。
例1 How to build a flying car : first, make it a motorcycle. The idea of creating a personal transportation craft that can both take to the skies and travel along the ground has been alive as long as science fiction. But meeting both the FAA’s regulations for aircraft while at the same time meeting the National HighwayTransportation Safety Administration’s guide?鄄lines for cars means compromises(折中) on both sides. Enter the Switchblade, a flying motorcycle that Northern California engineering firm Samson Motorworks hopes to have on the road and in the sky by next year.
…
Other companies are racing their own ground?鄄to?鄄air personal transportation craft to market as well, most notably Terrafugia’s Transition flying car, a four?鄄wheeled, folding?鄄wing vehicle designed to fit in a standard garage. But while the Transition is designed to hit all those NHTSA safety requirements that make it as safe on the road as your family car ― its high six?鄄figure price tag makes buying one wishful thinking for many.
Samson aims to have a $60,000 motorcycle to make as early as 2011.
What’s the best title for the passage?
A. The Flying Motorcycle Is Coming
B. How to Build a Flying Car
C. How to Build a Flying Motorcycle
D. Flying Cars Are More Popular
解析 A 首段主旨句为“How to build a flying car : first, make it a motorcycle”,尾段主旨句是“Samson aims to have a $60,000 motorcycle to make as early as 2011”,由此可推知全文中心词汇是flying motorcycle,而不是flying car,故可排除B、D两项。由倒数第二段的主旨句“Other companies are racing their own ground?鄄to?鄄air personal transportation craft to market as well”可知,仅第一段对How to Build a Flying Motorcycle进行了描述,尤
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