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- 2018-10-11 发布于福建
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中国农作物多样性的研究
中国农作物多样性的研究
摘要:为探索中国各地农作物多样性特点及其变化情况,利用多样性指数,比较分析了全国及各省市自治区1981年、1995年和2008年农作物多样性变化。结果表明,①全国农作物多样性在20世纪90年代高于20世纪80年代,但近20年的变化较小;粮食作物多样性30年来相对稳定,经济作物多样性逐渐降低。②云南、贵州、山西、内蒙古、重庆、四川、甘肃、宁夏等省市自治区的农作物多样性和粮食作物多样性较大,江西、广东、海南、湖南、福建、吉林、青海、西藏等省自治区的农作物多样性和粮食作物多样性较小。③山西、内蒙古、陕西、吉林、黑龙江、河南等省自治区的经济作物多样性较大,青海、西藏、北京、天津、上海、福建、山东、广东等省市自治区的经济作物多样性较小。④近30年来,不同省的作物多样性有不同的变化,西南地区和部分西北省的作物多样性在增大,山东、吉林等省在减少。各省应根据当地地形、地貌、土壤、气候和农业生产条件,确定适宜的作物多样性大小,既能充分利用当地资源条件,又可保持农田生态系统的稳定与可持续发展。
关键词:农作物多样性;粮食作物多样性;经济作物多样性;多样性指数
中图分类号:Q16;S51文献标识码:A文章编号:0439-8114(2011)12-2377-03
Diversity of Crops in China
ZENG Feng,AN Hong-mei,TANG Yong-jin
(Department of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan,China)
Abstract:In order to probe the characteristics and variation of crop diversity in China, the diversity indexes of planted crops in 31 provinces and the whole country in 1981, 1995 and 2008 were compared and analyzed. The results were as follows. ① The national crop diversity in 1990s was higher than that in the 1980s, but it just changed a little during nearly 20 years. Grain crops diversity was relatively stable during nearly 30 years; while economic crops diversity reduced gradually. ②Yunnan, Guizhou, Shanxi,Inner Mongolia, Chongqing, Sichuan, Gansu and Ningxia had relatively big diversity of crop and grain crop; while Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Hunan, Fujian,Jilin, Qinghai and Tibet were characterized by relatively small diversity of crop and grain crop. ③ Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi,Jilin, Heilongjiang and Henan were characterized by relatively large diversity of economic crop; while Qinghai, Tibet, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Fujian, Shandong and Guangdong had relatively small diversity of economic crop. ④ During nearly 30 years, various changes of crop diversity existed in different provinces. The investigations showed that the increasing of crop diversity existed in southwest and partia
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