强镇扩权背景下乡镇体制的改革探析.docVIP

强镇扩权背景下乡镇体制的改革探析 　　摘要： 乡镇政府作为基层区域治理的元单位，其治理成效关系到中国广大农村地区的社会稳定和发展。自乡镇一级政权建立以来，在塑造新型的地方利益、权力格局的同时也产生了严重的乡村对立问题，关于乡镇体制的发展方向有多种观点，就目前形势来看，乡镇体制依然需要在宏观政治框架内进行改革，但这种改革应是全局性的顶层设计。从当前分权改革“强镇扩权”的试点来看，乡镇政府在矛盾基层化解、全面建成小康社会和推进新型城镇化建设中扮演着重要的角色，从“县-乡-村”的视角出发，乡镇体制改革的重点应集中在人员机构精简、事权清晰、财权与事权匹配以及乡镇人事权改革， 这四方面必须同步推进，才能实现公平和效率的均衡，进而完成“服务型政府”的转型目标。 　　Abstract： The township government is the matrical regional governance unit， its governance effect is related to social stability and development of Chinas vast rural areas. Since the township level regime was founded， the new pattern of local interests and power are shaped， as well as the serious problems of village opposite are also generated. There are many views for the development direction of villages and towns system. In the context of the situation， the villages and towns system still need to be reformed within the macro political framework. This kind of reform should be at the top of overall design. From the view of the current decentralization reform of power expansion of strong town， the township government plays an important role in resolving contradictions in the grassroots， building well-off society in the all-round way and promoting the construction of the new urbanization. From the view of county-township-village， the villages and towns reform should focus on streamlining personnel organization， clearing voice， matching finance and property rights and reforming villages and towns staffs. The four aspects must be synchronized advanced to realize the balance of fairness and efficiency so as to complete the transformation target of service-oriented government. 　　关键词： 强镇扩权；乡镇体制；改革；乡村社会 　　Key words： power expansion of strong town；township system；reform；rural society 　　中图分类号：D67 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-4311（2016）06-0001-04 　　1 已有研究回顾 　　中国是一个封建社会异常漫长的国家，但是无论朝代更替，制度体系却表现出少有的稳定，乡村社会自治状态一直到清朝末年才被打破。在20世纪的“现代国家政权建设”中，基于政权的更迭和完善，我国乡镇行政管理模式频繁变动，前后经历四次大的变化，即清末至民国时期推行的“乡镇自治”和中国共产党建立的“议行合一制”乡镇基层政权、“政社合一制”人民公社、“乡政村治”二元治理体制[1]。 　　从国家―社会层面看，现