生产运作与管理一教学讲义.pptVIP

产品设计与开发管理;对一些关键性的词采用同义词连用以克服由于英语词一词多意可能产生的语意不明、避免合同双方按各自的意图来理解合同条文。 This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B. 本协议由甲方和乙方签订。 The Contractor shall, without limiting his or the Employee’s obligations and responsibilities under Clause 20, insure the Works, together with materials and plant for incorporation therein, to the full replacement cost. 在不限制第20条中规定的承包人和业主的义务和责任的条件下，承包人应该以全部重置成本对工程、用于工程中的材料和工程配套设备进行保险。 ;The Engineer shall have authority to issue to the Contractor, from time to time, such supplementary Drawings and instructions as shall be necessary for the purpose of the proper and adequate execution and completion of the works and the remedying of any defects therein. 工程师有权随时向承包人发出为合理和恰当施工，竣工及修补工程中的缺陷所必须的补充图纸和指示。 “施工，竣工及修补工程中的缺陷”用了两个and (execution and completion of the works and the remedying of any defects )。 根据一般国际承包工程的做法以及国际工程承包法规（FIDIC合同条款）的规定，工程分为两个阶段完成： 第一个阶段为：设计、施工和竣工。完成后承包人获得业主签发的移交证书(Taking-over Certificate)。 第二个阶段为修补工程中的缺陷。完成后承包人获得业主签发的缺陷责任证书(Defects Liability Certificate)。届时，承包人和业主双方的合同义务都已解除。 若用execution，completion of the works and the remedying of any defects ，则意味着两个阶段合并为一个阶段，使承包人该移交的工程不能交出去。;产品设计与开发管理;进行对外经济合同文件写作时，在用词上不但要求准确，而且要求简洁。 英语中某些副词如“here”和 “where”在法律文件中往往当作前缀，与另外一个词构成一个正式法律词汇中的副词，在法律文件中用这些词，可以避免重复，使行文准确、简洁。 对外经济合同文件是法律文件，为了维护法律的权威性，在进行此类文件的英文写作时，常常使用那些我们平时不常用的、法律文件中专用的正式词汇。;Hereby: by means of ; by reason of this. 特此，因此，兹。 The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract. 业主特立此约保证在合同规定的期限内，按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价，或合同规定的其它应支付的款项，以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein（在声明中）, and that we agree to provide documentary pro