二维黎曼流形上调和函数的几何性质-数学、基础数学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 在偏微分方程中, 椭圆方程是一类重要的方程, 其中调和函数方程是椭圆方程中 最经典的代表之一. 方程的解是大家比较关心的问题, 解的几何性质是来描述解的性 质的一个方面. 几何性质主要研究的是水平集的凸性和曲率估计等方面. 本文将区域 限制在二维黎曼流形上, 考虑调和函数最速下降线曲率和水平集曲率满足的方程, 最 终利用极值原理来刻画流形上调和函数的几何性质. 本文主要结果为: 定理 1. ? 是定义在具有常高斯曲率 ? 的黎曼流形 ? 2 中无临界点的调和函数, ? 是 ? 的最速下降线曲率, 设 = |?|?1 ? , 有如下结果成立: Δ+ 2?= 0 和 Δ ln 1 |? |  ≥ ? ( ? ?= 0). 定理 2. ? 是定义在具有常高斯曲率 ? 的黎曼流形 ? 2 中无临界点的调和函数, ? 是 ? 的最速下降线曲率. 如果 ? ≤ 0, 那么 = |?|?1 ? 在区域的边界取到非负极大 和非正极小; 如果 ? ≥ 0, 那么 |? | 在区域的边界取到极小值. 定理 3. ? 是定义在具有常高斯曲率 ? 的黎曼流形 ? 2 中无临界点的调和函数, ? 是 ? 的水平集的曲率, 那么 Δ ln 1 |?|  ≥ ?, 如果 ? ≥ 0, 那么 |?| 在区域的边界取到极小值. 关键词: 水平集; 最速下降线; 曲率估计; 调和函数; 极值原理. Abstract The elliptic partial differential equations is an important type of the partial differential equations. The equation of harmonic function is a classical subject. The geometric properties associated to the study of solution of equations, is an aspects that describe the properties of solution. The convex and the curvature estimate of the level sets are the main object of the geometric properties. In this paper, we consider the harmonic functions defined on 2-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, gives the steepest descent and the level sets curvature satisfied equations about the harmonic functions, and use the maximum principle to show the geometric properties of the harmonic functions. The following are the main results. Theorem 1. Let ? be a harmonic function with no critical point on a domain in Rieman- nian manifold ? 2 with constant Gaussian curvature denoted by ?. Let ? be the curvature of the steepest descent of ?. For = |?|?1? , the following realtions are satisfied: Δ+ 2?= 0 and  Δ ln  1 |? |  ≥ ? for ? ?= 0. Theorem 2. Let ? be a harmonic function with no critical point on a domain in Rieman- nian manifold ? 2 with constant Gaussian curvature denoted by ?. Let ? be the curvature of the steepest descent of ?. If ? ≤ 0, then the function = |?|?1? attains its nonnegative max- imum and non positive minimum on the boundary of the domain, if ? ≥ 0, then the