城市家庭饮用水中三卤甲烷的健康风险评价方法研究-环境工程专业论文.docx

ABSTRACT Trihalomethanes (THMs) is a class of primary disinfection byproducts which are present in drinking water widespreadly. At present, a large number of epidemiological studies and animal toxicology studies have shown that THMs have carcinogenic effects on the human body, as well as teratogenic effects, reproductive toxicity and other adverse effects. Therefore, the study aims at the human health risks via exposue to THMs in drinking water by the urban residents in China in their daily household water-related activities based on the cumulative health risk assessment (CRA) framework and the total exposure model (TEM). Firstly, the CRA framework and the traditional risk assessment framework were compared and analyzed, which were both proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency of United States (USEPA); the concept of CRA and its application in this study were demonstrated from the aspects of exposure assessment, toxicity assessment, risk characterization, uncertainty, and variability; and the improved TEM was proposed, and the quantification methods used herein for uncertainty and variability were also introduced; accordingly, the methods and ideas in this study were identified. Secondly, according to the residential apartment features in China, the Mckone’s three-component model was improved to establish the indoor THMs concentration estimation models respectively with and without an independent shower room based on the mass balance equations and two-film theory, which were used to describe the evaporation process of THMs in drinking water and transfer process of THMs in air in different indoor compartment. The exposure estimation models and risk estimation models via inhalation, ingestion and skin recommended by USEPA were applied and simplified, and the model parameters were classified and investigated. In addition, the data were analyzed by statistical means such as distribution fitting and correlation analysis. Thirdly, considering four kinds of typical