从物理概念的形成发展特征看中学物理概念的教学-课程与教学论专业论文.docxVIP

从物理概念的形成发展特征看中学物理概念的教学 中文摘要 物理概念是客观事物的物理共同属性和本质特征在人们头脑中的反 映，是物理事物的抽象。物理概念是物理学的基础，概念教学又是整个物 理教学成功与否的关键环节。传统的概念教学侧重于教学结果，缺少学生 对概念认识过程的研究，有“强迫灌输”之嫌。对物理概念的研究一般都 是从教师如何“教”的角度去讨论，仅侧重于物理概念的教学过程、教学 设计及解题应用等方面的研究，而对于“学”的主体——学生不闻不问。 从现代教育理论来看，对物理概念教学问题的研究，不能只局限于教师如 何“教”还应着眼于学生如何“学”。物理概念的教学要重视学生的学习 心理，研究学生是以怎样的方式形成物理概念的。 本文从物理概念的形成发展这一视角出发，联系自然科学史、社会学 等，并以建构主义理论和唯物史观为主要理论依据，去探究物理概念在形 成发展过程中所体现出来的五个基本特征，即物理概念的客观性特征、物 理概念的社会情境性特征、物理概念的发展性特征、物理概念的建构性特 征和默会性特征。每个特征紧密联系社会形态、历史传承、经济基础和意 识观念等方面，都从其定义、特征体现及其对教学的意义三个方面来论述。 结合物理概念的特征研究，给出概念教学的五个原则，即科学性原则、 情境性原则、顺序发展性原则、主体性原则和默会性原则。由此构建出物 理概念的课堂教学模式，说明了具体操作步骤及意义。也回到物理课堂上， 选取三个教学课例分析，以求更好地解释这一模式。 最后，得出本论文的结论及意义，并指出不足，希望在以后的教学教 育研究中加以改进。 关键词：物理概念；形成和发展；特征；教学原则；教学模式 i Research On Teaching of Physics Concept Based on It’s Characteristics of the formation and development ABSTRACT Physics concept is a abstract of physics objects and a reflection in the minds of people which contains common attributes and intrinsic characteristics of objective things. It is the basis and important part of physics, and concept teaching is the key sector lead ing the whole physics teaching to succeed. The traditional concept teaching put particular emphasis on teaching result, lacking the research to cognition process of concept, so it was believed to teach with forced indoctrination. Generally, the research on physics concept was based how the teacher teaches it, such as teaching process, teaching design and solving problems, but it was to a great extent indifferent to main body of study student. And judging from the modern educational theory, it should focus more on how student study and his learning psychology by which he forms physics concept. Based on the formation and development of physics concept, contacting history of science, sociology etc., and guided mainly by the constructivism theory and the historical materialism, this thesis explores five basic characteristics, which are objectivity, social context, development, constructiveness and tacitness. Lin