【图文美德伦理学.pptVIP

Naturalism and Virtue Ethics本性主义和美德伦理学 Cheng Xinyu Case “We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” -------Thomas Jefferson Declaration of Independence All human beings were of the same species, born with the same basic capacities. Because all humans had the same basic nature, they should be treated equally. --------John Locke Second treatise on government naturalism in ethics伦理学中的本性主义 The idea that morality is based on human nature is a form of what we will refer to here as “naturalism in ethics”. 道德植根于人的本性 Hold that what is good is a function in some way of the way things are.善是事物自身的功能 1.Pleasure is said to be good because of the way things are, namely, that people do seek pleasure 快乐之所以是善，是因为事物自身就是这样，即人们都追求快乐 2.Something good for us because of the fact that it fits or fulfills human nature . 某些东西对我们而言是善，是因为它有益于人性的实现 naturalism in ethics Natural law theory: the view that the moral law is based on human nature.自然法理论 Natural right theory: the view that human rights are those things that we can validly claim because they are essential for our functioning as human beings.自然权利理论 Some types of Virtue ethics: here virtues are thought to be good habits, and good habits are those character traits that enable us to function well as human beings.一些美德伦理学 the relationship between these three types of ethics is a loose one Virtue Ethics美德伦理学 A moral philosophy that concentrates on the notion of virtue is called a virtue ethics.关注美德的道德哲学 Virtue : loyalty, honesty Vice: stinginess What should I do?我应该做什么 (egoism, consequentialism, deontology) What should l be?我应该成为什么样的人 (virtue ethics) Virtue Ethics virtue ethics : the moral life ought to be about determining what are the ideals for human life and trying to embody these ideals in on