化工专业英语Lessn4.docVIP

Lesson 4 Chemical Reaction Engineering 化学反应工程 A1 Every industrial chemical process is designed to produce economically a desired product from a variety of starting materials through a succession of treatment steps. 每一个工业化学过程的目的是从不同的原材料，经过一系列的处理步骤生产经济所需的产品。 Fig. 4-1 shows a typical situation. 图4-1展示了一个典型的情况。 The raw materials undergo a number of physical treatment steps to put them in the form in which they can be reacted chemically. 原料进行Y—些物理处理的步骤，使它们能够发生化学反应。 They then pass through the reactor. 然后让他们通过反应器。 The products of the reaction must then undergo further physical treatment- -separations，purifications, etc. - for the final desired product to be obtained. 产物要经历进一步的物理处理一一分离，净化提纯等等，以获得期望的最终产品。 BI Design of equipment for the physical treatment steps is studied in the unit operations. 物理处理步骤设备的设计在单元操作中研宄。 Here we are concerned with the chemical treatment step of a process. 在这里我们关心的是一个过程的化学处理步骤。 Economically this may be in inconsequential unit，say a simple mixing tank . 从经济的角度说，这可能是个不重要的单元，比如说一个简单的搅拌槽。 More often than not，however, the chemical treatment step is the heart of the process，the thing that makes or breaks the process economical. 然而通常，化学处理步骤是一个过程的核心，它决定这个过程经济的成败。 Cl Design of the reactor is no routine matter, and many alternatives can be proposed for a process . 反应器的设计不是普通的事，对于一个过程有许多可供选择的建议。 In searching for the optimum it is not just the cost of reactor that must be minimized. 寻找最佳的条件，不仅是反应器成木的最小化。 One design may have low reactor cost，but the materials leaving the unit may be such that their treatment requires much higher cost than alternative designs. 一个设计可能反应器的成本较低，但材料离开装置可能比其他的设计需要更高的处理费。 Hence, the economics of the over-all process must be considered. 因此，必须要考虑整个过程的经济。 DI Reactor design uses information，knowledge，and experience from a variety of areas thermodynamics，chemical kinetics，fluid mechanics，heat transfer，mass transfer，and economic. 反应器的设计使用了各个领域的信息，知识和经验，比如热力学，化学动力学，流体力学，传热，传 质，和经济学。 Chemical reaction engineering is, the synthesis of all thes