河南省主要城市土壤污染评价及防护的措施.docVIP

河南省主要城市土壤污染评价及防护的措施 　　摘要：从土壤污染概念入手，介绍了土壤污染造成的危害，阐述了土壤污染评价的原则和方法。通过单指数评价和多指数综合评价方法得到河南省10个地级市的土壤污染现状，结果中列举出主要污染因子并剖析其污染原因，着重总结了污染分布地区及污染程度。分析结论认为，河南省主要城市土壤污染程度不大，但是工农业活动频繁的部分区域已达到中重度污染，需要引起重视并进行治理，未污染及轻度污染地区也应采取措施防止范围扩大。最后提出相应的防护措施。 　　关键词：土壤污染；河南省；主要城市；防护措施 　　中图分类号：X131.3；X53文献标识码：A 文章编号： 　　1672-1683（2010）06-0094-04 　　Soil Contamination Assessment of Main Cities in Henan Province and Its Protection Measures 　　YANG Liu，LIU Chang-li, WANG Xiu-yan, PEI Li-xin, ZHANG Yun, HOU Hong-bin， JIANG Jian-mei，SONG Chao 　　(The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang,050061，China) 　　Abstract: Soil quality has a direct impact on crop growth and peoples health. Henan province is a large province for grain-produced and population in China, so it is significant to assess its soil quality. We introduced the harms by soil contamination, described the principles and methods of soil contamination assessment. Its current situation of ten municipal cities in Henan Province was obtained by single index and multi-index comprehensive evaluation methods, the main pollution factors were enumerated and the causes of pollution were analyzed, the pollution areas and degree were emphatically summarized: soil pollution degree was not high in main cities of Henan, but the degree had reached middle and serious in the areas with frequent industrial and agricultural activities, so more attention should be paid on these areas; in non-pollution and light pollution areas measures should also be taken to control pollution range. Finally the corresponding protection measures were proposed. 　　Key words: soil contamination; Henan province; main cities; protection measures 　　 随着社会经济的发展和科学技术的进步以及人口的增长，人类活动对土壤环境的影响不断增强，在利用改造土壤环境的同时，产生了不同的土壤环境，如新的人工土壤类型（水稻土、堆垫土等）。由于“三废（废气、废水、固体废弃物）”物质的积累，土壤环境中有毒有害物质的绝对数量不断增加，逐渐超过土壤环境的承载能力，结果土壤环境受到污染，质量下降［1］。 　　河南省作为一个人口大省，人均占有耕地面积仅有0.07 hm??2，仅为全国人均耕地水平的69%。同时河南省又是一个农业大省，粮、棉、油、烟产量产值在全国排位第二，化肥、农药、农膜施用量较大，加上