论中国网球事业发展三元治理新的模式.docVIP

论中国网球事业发展三元治理新的模式 　　摘 要: 中国网球近年来取得了巨大的成就,其蓬勃发展得益于举国体制、市场化运作的 共同作用。举国体制在中国网球发展的初期为通过对有限资源的强力整合使得网球事业得以 起步;而网球事业适时的市场化转型又极大地激发了各参与主体的积极性,实现资源配置的 优化,使得中国网球事业实现了腾飞。但是,我们应该同时看到举国体制和体育市场化本身 都存在着自身一定的缺陷,存在过于看中竞技成绩或者经济效益的缺陷,不能与完全契合网 球事业发展的宗旨。有鉴于此,本文将试图在分析中国网球事业发展模式历史和现状的基础 上,结合公共治理理论,提出中国网球事业发展三元治理新模式。 　　关键词:中国网球事业;发展;三元治理 　　中图分类号:G45.03文献标识码:A文章 编号:1007-3612(2010)08-0135-04 　　 　　A Discussion on the New Model of Triple Management of China’s T ennis Development 　　ZHANG Ji?hui 　　(West China University of Water Resource and Electric Power, Z hengzhou 450011,Henan China) 　　Abstract: China’s tennis development has yield glorious achievement. Its boom i s benefited from the synergy of the whole nation system and market operation. Inthe primary development period, the whole nation system facilitates the burgeon ing of tennis by integrating limited resources. And the tennis has conducted mar ket transformation when time is mature. This transformation has greatly arousedthe enthusiasm of market players, optimized the resource allocation and made thedevelopment of China’s tennis soar. However, we should have a sober mind thateither the whole nation system or market operation has its own deficiency, thatis, the overemphasis on the performance in the competition and economic return.The deficiency is not in accordance with the principle of the tennis development . Therefore, the paper aims to analyze the history and current condition of thetennis development model, and on this basis, combines the public management theo ry to propose the new model of triple management system of China’s tennis devel opment. 　　Key words: China’s tennis; development; triple management 　　 　　1 三元治理理论与网球事业发展模式 　　网球是一个国际化、商业化和个体化都很强的运动项目。它的开放度很高,运动员的自 由度很大。世界职业网球发展的特点是个体性极强,无论是训练还是报名参赛,都是以个人 为单位,投入方式也是如此,世界许多著名运动员,如张德培、辛吉斯均是以个体、家庭投 入为基础培养的。职业网球另一个显著特点是商业化的程度高,高额的赛事奖金是商业化的 具体表现之一,除此之外,优秀网球运动员每年还有相当可观的商业赞助费。而我国开展网 球运动项目在很长一段时间里都属于国家行为,带有计划经济体制下“统购统销”的强烈色 彩。这种体制容易造成运动员依赖性和惰性。因此,早在2003年初中国网协就确立了“必须 坚持走