金银木开花及繁育系统观察的研究.docVIP

金银木开花及繁育系统观察的研究 　　摘要 本试验对金银木开花进行了观察，连续20 d观察花朵开放情况，采用TTC法测定花粉的活力，用联苯胺-?^氧化氢法测定柱头的可授性，运用花粉-胚珠比、杂交指数、套袋试验对金银木的繁育系统进行研究。结果表明，金银木群体花期约为35 d，单株花期约为18 d，单花花期3～5 d。金银木花粉活力以散粉2 h时最高，而柱头可授性在开花1 d时最强。花粉-胚珠P/O为672，繁育系统为兼性异交。杂交指数OCI=3，为兼性异交型，自交亲和，有蜜汁产生，部分种需要传粉者。套袋试验测定出能自交，人工同株同花授粉25.41%，人工同株异花授粉73.75%，自然对照66.27%，无融合生殖。 　　关键词 金银木；开花；繁育系统 　　中图分类号 S793 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2017）20-0136-02 　　Observation and Research on Flowering and Breeding System of Lonicera maackii（Rupr.） Maxim. 　　WANG Yu-hong 　　（Xingqing District Tonggui Forestry Working Station of Yinchuan City in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region，Yinchuan Ningxia 750001） 　　Abstract For observing the flower of Lonicera maackii（Rupr.） Maxim.，continuous observation for 20 d was done when the flowers were in bloom.The TTC method was used to determine pollen vitality，and benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method was used to determine the teachability on stigma.The breeding system of Lonicera maackii（Rupr.） Maxim. were studied with pollen and ovule ratio，hybrid index and bagging experiment.The results showed that the flowering period of the Lonicera maackii（Rupr.） Maxim. group was about 35 d，and the flowering per plant was about 18 d，and the flowering period was 3～5 d.The pollen viability was the highest when the powder was 2 h，while teachability of stigma could be the most powerful when flowering 1 d.Pollen-ovule P/O was 672，and the breeding system was facultative outcrossing.Hybrid index OCI was 3，for facultative heterotype，self-affinity，and honey production，some of which need pollinators.The bag test determined the ability of self-handed，25.41% of artificial isoform，73.75% of artificial cross pollination，66.27% of natural control，and had no fusion. 　　Key words Lonicera maackii（Rupr.） Maxim.；flowering；breeding system 　　金银木隶属于忍冬科忍冬属落叶直立或攀援状灌木，分布于美洲、欧洲、亚洲和非洲北部的温带和亚热带地区，种类繁多，全世界约有200种，而仅中国就有98种。金银木叶对生，不合生。茎直立，不缠绕。果通常红色或褐色，球形。每个花梗上有1对花。花梗较果短，截面圆形；相邻的两果离生；子房与苞之间无柄。金银木性强健、喜光、耐半阴、耐旱、耐寒、耐盐碱，喜湿润肥沃及深厚的土壤。管理粗放，病虫害少，易于栽培，适应多种环境气候条件。金银木的花可以作