阅读理解的技巧――猜测词义题.docVIP

阅读理解的技巧――猜测词义题 　　［题型综述］?? 　　准确把握所读材料中单词、短语的含义是理解文意的重要环节。因此，高考英语将猜测词义列为阅读理解能力的一个重要方面进行考查。?? 　　［命题特点］?? 　　命题者有目的地在原文中的某个词、短语的下面划线，要求考生结合语境、上下文对其含义进行猜测。需要猜测的部分往往是名词、动词、形容词、副词或其短语。该类题目的提问方式常为：?? 　　The word “...” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by.?? 　　The word “...” is most likely to mean.?? 　　What do you think the expression “...” stands for??? 　　By saying “...” we mean .?? 　　“...”, as used in the passage, can be defined as.?? 　　What does the underlined word / phrase mean? ?? 　　［解题方法］?? 　　词、短语意思的猜测主要依据它所在段落的内容进行。如果该段落比较短，信息量不足，那么与之相邻的上下两个段落的内容则是猜测词义的重要依据。具体地说：?? 　　① 如果对名词或名词短语的意思进行猜测，那么，相关段落中该词前后所出现的名词非常重要。需要猜测的名词的含义往往与这些名词中的某个或几个名词的含义有着密切的联系。?? 　　② 如果对动词或动词短语的意思进行猜测，那么，相关段落中该词前后所出现的动词非常重要。需要猜测的动词的含义往往与这些动词中的某个或几个动词的含义有着密切的联系。?? 　　③ 如果猜测的是形容词、副词或其短语的含义，那么，相关段落中该词前后的描述非常重要。?? 　　［题例剖析］?? 　　［例1］ ?? 　　However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hour glasses, and invented water??clocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past. (2007广东)?? 　　The underlined phrase “stately homes” in the paragraph means?豹? 　　A. state??owned houses?? 　　B. houses in very good condition?? 　　C. grand houses open to the public?? 　　D. houses where statesmen meet regularly?? 　　［剖析］ stately homes是名词短语，其前是(visiting)palaces，其后是museums。这三个名词并列，说明有内在的共同点，即向公众开放。故该题的答案是C。 ?? 　　［例2］?? 　　Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents?? home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend ... ?? 　　I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. (2006全国Ⅰ)?? 　　The words “took