魏晋五号壁画墓保存的环境中空气微生物监测的研究.docVIP

魏晋五号壁画墓保存的环境中空气微生物监测的研究 　　内容摘要：本研究利用FA-I型便携式空气微生物采样器和分子技术，对魏晋五号壁画墓保存环境空气中可培养细菌和真菌的浓度、粒径分布、群落组成进行了监测和分析。结果表明：墓室内外空气中细菌、真菌微粒浓度差异极显著。分子鉴定与系统发生分析显示，墓室内外主要细菌类群组成相似，而真菌类群组成具有较大差异。放线菌、枝孢属、青霉属和链格孢属等大量存在于墓室空气中，成为威胁砖壁画保存的重要污染源。墓室内长期较高的相对湿度和较为封闭的保存环境，是引起小粒径微生物增殖的关键因素。建议阶段性地打开展览厅大门，增加墓室内外的空气交流。 　　关键词：魏晋墓；壁画；空气微生物；粒径分布；文物保护 　　中图分类号：K854.3；X83 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4106（2013）06-0109-08 　　Monitoring and Research on Microbes in the Environment of the Wall Paintings 　　in No. 5 of the Wei and Jin Tombs 　　E Jun1 WU Fasi2，3，4，5 WANG Wanfu2，3，4，5 CHEN Gengling1 　　ZHAO Linyi2，3，4，5 HE Dongpeng2，3，4 XU Ruihong2，3，4 　　（1. Gansu Provincial Museum， Lanzhou， Gansu 730050； 2. National Research Center for Preservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites， Dunhuang， Gansu 736200； 3. Key Scientific Research Base for Preservation of Ancient Wall Paintings （SACH）， Dunhuang， Gansu 736200； 4. Key Laboratory for Preservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites in Gansu Province， Dunhuang， Gansu 736200； 　　5. Preservation Institute， Dunhuang Academy， Dunhuang， Gansu 736200） 　　Abstract： This paper introduces the monitoring and analysis of concentration， size， distribution， and community structures of the bacteria and fungi cultivable in the air of the environment of the wall paintings on the Wei and Jin tomb bricks with a portable airborne microbe sampler （FA-I） and molecular technology. As the research results indicate， the concentrations of the bacteria and fungi in the air inside and outside the tomb are extremely different. The molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis show that the community structures of the fungi inside and outside the tombs are similar， but the concentrations of the bacteria and fungi particles are very different. Actinomycetes， cladosporium， pinicielium， and alternaria exist in the tomb air in large number， and become an important pollution source threatening the preservation of brick paintings. The long-time higher relative humidity and closed env