唯识中道研究-成功大学.DOC

成大宗教與文化學報 第十五期 由現行就業市場觀點論孔子周遊列國 PAGE 62 PAGE 71 成大宗教與文化學報　第十五期 2010年12月　頁49-72 PAGE 49 由現代就業市場觀點論孔子周遊列國 On Confucius’ Travelling around the Series Nations ?? The Perspective from the Modern Concept “Career Market” 吳文璋? ?成功大學中國文學系副教授 Wu Wen Chang 摘要 孔子周遊列國，由傳統的觀點來看，是孔子在諸侯爭戰，禮壞樂崩的時代，想要行道濟世，拯救生民於水火之中，重建堯舜時代的理想，建立「大同世界」的社會，因此才會周遊列國的。但是站在廿一世紀的現代，是一個自由經濟全球化的時代。資本、人才、跨國公司在世界各國不斷的自由進出排列組合，這是個開放的社會，與過去那種封閉式的，強調國家主權的社會有很大的不同。本文嘗試由經濟學上就業市場的觀點來重新論述，孔子周遊列國其實是一個無恆產的知識份子，在母國失去工作之後，到國外尋求工作機會的一連串的奮鬥歷程。他受到打擊，甚至追殺、逃亡以至於斷炊，九死一生。研究的結果顯示，孔子若是單純的只想要獲得一個位高、權重、責任輕的非首腦人物，那是易如反掌。但是如果孔子想要成為一國之中的首腦人物，一人之下，萬人之上，安邦定國，一統天下，成就王業，一如堯、舜、禹、湯、文王、武王，孔子本人是有所不足的。也就是說孔子在列國之中找工作，求職為人臣是沒有問題的；但是若想得志為聖王，那是不可能的。因為孔子的行銷策略是主打形象牌，但是缺少優良的代理商、和可靠的情報網，更缺少謀略機詐以及堅強的武力為後盾 。孔子在世俗政治的失敗，卻建立了神聖的政治、德性的政治的新典範，可謂失之東隅，收之桑榆。 關鍵詞：孔子、周遊列國、就業市場、神聖政治、世俗政治 Abstract In Traditional idea, the interpretation of Confucius’ travelling around the series nations, is always supposed to be a salvation of people from disaster. Because Confucius wants to practice his ideal of “Daˋ Tongˊ Shiˋ Jieˋ” (大同世界), but in 21 century, the globalization has developed, capital , faculty, cross-nation-company, are free interacted all over the world. The isolated sovereignty of nation has been opened to a free economic market. This article tries to explain the movement of Confucius by a economic concept “Career Market”, hoping to obtain a brand new view of it. As a matter of fact, Confucius’ travelling around the series nations, is a intellectual without property, who lost his work in the mother nation, and can not help searching job around the foreign nations in order to earn a living. In the process, Confucius has suffered many kind of challenge, frustration, even more pursued and subdued nearly to death. In the result of the article, if Confucius only wants to obtain a job, which position is high, and has enough power and high salary, this is not too difficult for him, but if Confucius wants to obtain the position of Prime Minister and achieved his ideal