法律价值视角下近代西方刑罚正当理由学说的演变-法律学专业论文.docxVIP

内容包括学说所根植的时代背景；学说背后的法哲学背景；这一时期的刑罚正当学 说及其评价三部分，核心内容是每个阶段学说背后的法律倾向的变化、发展，并以 此勾勒出此角度下刑罚正当理由学说的演进。 关键词：刑罚正当理由学说 报应论 目的论 并和论 法律价值倾向 Abstract There exist three kind of general sense of the doctrine of justification for punishment in the Modern Western legal history: theory of retribution, teleological and compromised. These three doctrines, especially the argue between retribution and teleology lasted for hundreds of years. Behind this form of criminal law perspective controversy is substantive philosophy of law issues, or even philosophical questions beyond the law, which is diachronic and have certain relationship with the economic and political background of that era. Tracing this line of thought, this paper aims to combine the historical background, presenting the changing of doctrine in western law educational world about justification for punishment since the Renaissancefrom the perspective of legal value orientation behind the theory while dividing thedoctrine history into three major stages, six small stages based on the differences of legal value orientation (tend to the justice, or the utilitarian) behind different theories of all times. This paper sorts out andrevolves aroundthemicroscopic clue -- the diachronic development of the legal value tendencyof doctrine of justification penaltyin western law educational worldsince the Renaissance, which is also where difficulties and innovations of this paper lies. Here is the performance of evolution of punishment justification theory behind legal value orientation at all stages: The period before laissez-faire capitalism (from the Renaissance to 1688):the ascendingvalue of utilitarian and the diminishing value of justice; Theliberal capitalism period (1688-1873): Justice ascendsto the peak value, while off to the utilitarian value; The early monopoly capitalism(from 1873 to the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth):Utilitarian value is incremented until the extreme form of utilitarian val