法律关系基本理论问题讨论-法学；法学理论专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 法律关系的观念最早体现在罗马私法中“债”的概念中。“权利和义务关系 说”把法律关系界定为一种权利义务关系。法律关系与作为法律调整对象的社会 关系是结果与前提的关系。行为始终是一定主体作用于一定对象的方式、途径。 规范意义上的法律关系是法律创制阶段的间接结果，它是事实意义上的法律关系 形成的前提。二者均是法律调整社会过程中某一阶段的产物，但并非最终结果。 “社会关系说”强调法律关系本质上是一种社会关系。 法律关系的规范意义，是根据法律规范形成的、以类主体之间的权利和义务 关系的形式表现出来的特殊社会关系。法律关系的事实意义，是根据法律规范形 成的、以特定主体之间具体的权利与义务关系的形式表现出来的特殊的社会关 系。无论是规范意义上的法律关系还是事实意义上的法律关系，都是被法律所调 整的、“人”与“人”之间的、以法律上的权利和义务为表现形式的特殊的社会 关系，是法律形式与社会内容的统一。 法律规范是法律关系存在的前提条件之一。法律事实是法律关系产生、变更 和消灭的一个原因。“法权关系”与“法律关系”是内容与形式的关系。规范意 义上的法律关系具有合法性，事实意义上的法律关系具有法律性。法律关系兼具 思想意志性与客观物质性。各种因素都可能使法律关系脱离其社会内容而具有相 对独立性。“社会”可以成为法律关系的主体。法律关系中的权利和义务不仅应 包括其现实形态、法定形态，而且应当延伸至应有形态。随着新事物的产生、主 体间权利与义务关系种类的多样化，法律关系客体的范围亦将越来越大。 关键词：权利与义务 社会关系 意志性 合法性 独立性 Abstract The concept of the legal relation was reflected earliest in the concept of “debt” in the private law of Roman. “The view of the relation between rights and duties” defines the legal relation as a kind of rights and duties. The relationship between the legal relation and social relation which is the target of the adjustment of law is the result and the premise. The behavior is always the only way that the subject acts on the object. The normative sense of the legal relation is the indirect result of the stage of legal creation. It is the premise of the forming of the empirical sense of the legal relation. They are both the results of the process which the law adjusts the society. But they are not the last results. “The view of the social relation” emphasizes the nature of the legal relation, which is a special kind of social relations. The normative sense of the legal relation is formed in accordance with legal norms. It is a special kind of social relations which is between this role and that role. Its form is the abstract type of the rights and obligations. The empirical sense of the legal relation is also formed in accordance with legal norms. But it is a special kind of social relations which is between this designated subject and that designated subject. Its form is the specific type of th