芳腈化反应中水溶剂和微波技术的应用-有机化学专业论文.docxVIP

河南科技大学硕士学位论文 河南科技大学硕士学位论文 烃和活泼溴代芳烃的腈化反应。并且，腈化产物分离后，溶有催化剂的水相回收 继续催化反应，催化剂重复利用六次而催化效果变化不大。 关 键 词：腈化，卤代芳烃，铜催化，氰化试剂，水溶剂，微波辅助有机合成 论文类型：基础研究 II 摘要 Subject: The application of water as a solvent and in conjunction with the use of microwave heating as a tool for the cyanation of aryl halides Specialty: Organic Chemstry Name: Wang Wei Supervisor: Ren Yun-lai ABSTRACT Aryl nitriles represent an important class of compounds since the motif is found in a range of pharmaceuticals, dyes, agrochemi-cals, and naturalproducts. They are also valuable intermediates in organic synthesis and can be easily transformed to a range of heterocycles. A number of synthetic methods for the preparation of aryl nitriles have been developed including the direct cyanation of aryl halides by copper(I)cyanide, known as Rosenmund–von Braun reaction. The classical Rosenmund–von Braun procedure can require harsh conditions, making it incompatible with sensitive substrates. While modifications to this procedure have been made palladium-, copper-, or nickel-catalyzed aryl cyanation approaches show more promise. A downside with these protocols was that toxic inorganic or organic cyanide sources such as alkali-metal cyanides trimethylsilyl cyanide or acetone cyanohydrin are often required. However, this has been overcome by the discovery that cheap, non-toxic potassium hexacyanoferrate(II), K4[Fe(CN)6] can be used as a cyanide source. Based around this discovery, a number of methodologies have been developed including some procedures using ligand-free palldium sources. If a solvent is to be used for a reaction, water is the cheapest, most abundant solvent available. It is nonflammable and nontoxic. The application of water as a solvent in organic transformations has been growing in recent years across a wide range of chemical transformations. With its special properties in terms of rate accelerations, and influence on products selectivities, or ease of product isolation, and the range of co