叶面追肥对强筋小麦产量和品质效应分析.docVIP

叶面追肥对强筋小麦产量和品质效应分析 　　摘要：为明确强筋小麦叶面不同追肥时期和次数的产量和品质效应，通过品种、喷洒时期的2因素随机区组试验，对叶面肥不同施用时期和施用次数的旗叶叶绿素含量、产量和品质进行分析。结果表明，冬前、拔节期喷洒较灌浆期喷洒利于叶绿素的提高，冬前+拔节期+灌浆期3次喷洒叶绿素含量最高。从产量来看，最佳喷施时期是小麦苗期和拔节期；冬前+拔节+灌浆3次喷洒，可显著提高产量。从品质来看，喷洒叶面肥对小麦品质提高具有一定作用，拔节期、抽穗期喷洒对品质的提高作用更强；拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期多次喷洒虽然会提高产量，但对品质有负面效应。 　　关键词：强筋小麦；叶面肥；产量；品质 　　中图分类号：S512.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）12-0040-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.12.011 　　Abstract： To determine the yield and quality effects of applying period and times of foliar fertilizer of strong gluten wheat were studied. The chlorophyll content of flag leaves，yield and quality of grain were analyzed under different treatments by random experiment of two factors and spraying times. The results showed that the chlorophyll content of flag leave was increased when spraying foliar fertilizer before winter and at jointing stage. And the chlorophyll content of flag leaves reached a maximum when praying foliar fertilizer at three stages. From the yield perspective，the best time of spraying foliar fertilizer was seedling stage and jointing stage，and spraying three times before winter，at the jointing and filling stage could improve the yield of wheat significantly. From the quality perspective，the quality of spraying foliar fertilizer could improve the quality of wheat，especially at jointing stage and heading stage. Spraying foliar fertilizer at jointing，heading and filling stage could increase the yield， however，it could debase the quality. 　　Key words： strong gluten wheat； foliar fertilizer； yield； quality 　　小追肥大多采用根系追肥。根系追肥存在诸多不足，在无灌溉水条件或突然墒情较差时，无法追肥或追肥后无水调肥而不能发挥肥效；不能依小麦生长发育规律按需供肥；根区追肥用量大，成本高，经济效益低[1-3]；小麦拔节封垄后再撒施肥料有可能灼伤叶片，不仅费工费时，还容易出现施肥不均的现象，不符合中国农业轻简化栽培技术发展的方向。 　　叶面施肥及时补充养分，特别是后期喷洒，具有延长叶片功能期、增强干热风等抗逆性，增进物质运转，提高粒重的功能，弥补了根系追肥的不足[4，5]。以往研究显示合理叶面施肥对高产、优质具有重要作用。裴雪霞等[6]研究表明，小麦生育后期喷肥均可显著提高千粒重，增加产量和改善品质，尿素、磷酸二氢钾和微肥混喷效果最好，尿素和微肥混喷的效果次之，有微肥的处理较无微肥的处理产量、品质有所提高。冯斌等[7]研究表明，在灌浆盛期（花后15～20 d）对强筋优质小麦叶面喷施N、P、K肥，有利于增加粒重、提高产量和改善子粒品质，从而提高强筋优质小麦的经济价值。赵广才等[8]研究了叶面喷施不同营养元