地区电网电压无功优化控制研究控制工程专业论文.docx

内 内蒙古科技大学硕士学位论文 I I 摘 要 目前，随着电力系统的飞速发展，系统的结构变得越来越复杂，使电压无功控制问 题越来越被电力系统工作人员和研究部门所重视。目前大多数地区的电网都采用了无功 就地平衡的原则，即应用（VQC）这种单一补偿装置来解决某一地区或变电站的电压无 功控制问题。然而此方法的协调性很差，不能实现全网整体协调控制，并且在一、二级 有载调压时极易出现投切震荡。 本文在分析了多种电压无功控制的方法的基础上，将短期负荷预测方法、无功优化 算法理论应用于电压无功控制，设计了基于改进遗传算法的无功优化程序，利用其优势 来进行无功优化计算。此外，又继续研究了基于线性外推法的短期负荷预测，将电力负 荷预测的技术引入到无功控制中来。总体方案就是各个变电站首先预测本变电站未来一 小段时间内的短期电力负荷，将预测结果反馈给调度自动化系统（SCADA），调度自动 化系统利用其实时监测与采集电网各项参数（节点电压、功率、发电有功、发电无功、 负荷有功及无功等）的功能，在根据提供的历史资料，通过潮流计算和改进的遗传算法 的无功优化，求出和确定全网变压器有载调压分接头档位和电容器投切组数的最优动作 次数，达到全网协调控制无功功率分配的目的。 电压无功优化控制系统的使用，为电网的无功控制以及全网的安全运行和稳定提供 了先进的技术保证，更好的适应了电网安全性、稳定性、经济性的需要。目前该系统已 经应用于乌兰察布地区电网，经过一年的使用，显著提高了电压合格率，有效的降低了 有功网损，延长了电气设备寿命，减轻了工人的劳动强度，取得了良好的应用效果。 关键词：电压无功控制；遗传算法；负荷预测；调度自动化系统 II II Abstract At present, with the rapid development of power system, the system structure is becoming more and more complex, so that the problems of voltage reactive power control in power system is more and more valued by staff and research department. Most of the current area of the grid using the reactive power balance principle, namely the application ( VQC ) this is a single compensation device to solve a particular region or substation voltage and reactive power control. However, this method of coordination is poor, cannot realize the whole network coordinated control, and in the one or two stage of on-load voltage regulation are extremely easy to occur during switching shocks. Based on the analysis of the variety of voltage and reactive power control based on the method, the short-term load forecasting method, reactive power optimization theory is applied to the control of reactive power and voltage, design based on improved genetic algorithm reactive power optimization program, to make use of its advantage to reactive power optimization. In addition, went on to study based on linear extrapolation method for short term load forecasting, electric power load forecasting technology is introduced into the control of reactive power. The overall scheme is first predi