道路交通事故车速计算方法分析与应用研究-载运工具运用工程专业论文.docxVIP

内蒙古工业 内蒙古工业大学硕士学位论文 内蒙古工业 内蒙古工业大学硕士学位论文 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 近年来，道路交通事故给人们带来的危害不断增大，对交通事故的分析与研究也 显得更为迫切与重要。车辆运行速度和运行轨迹是交通事故技术分析的主要内容，也 是导致交通事故的主要因素之一。在分析交通事故原因和处理交通事故工作中必须解 决的切实问题就是事故车辆在发生交通事故时的行驶速度。充分搜集相关证据，建立 正确的车辆碰撞模型，精确描述事故过程中事故车的运动状态，是进行交通事故车速 计算的关键。 本文首先讨论了以碰撞动力学为理论基础的汽车一维碰撞和二维碰撞模型，一维 碰撞模型分为正面碰撞和追尾碰撞两种形态，二维碰撞模型分为二维对心碰撞和二维 非对心碰撞两种形态。在对力学模型进行合理简化的基础上，对四种模型的计算方法 及相关参数的选取方法和范围进行了仔细探讨与分析，对各种模型的计算流程进行了 总结，并对其使用条件进行了说明。由于事故现场痕迹、物证勘查对事故鉴定具有不 可替代的作用，本文结合实际的事故现场勘查经验对事故现场勘查的规范流程进行了 整理，并对几种常规碰撞现场痕迹、物证勘查做了详细说明。在计算车速时需分析不 同影响因素对车辆运动的整体作用，在一些比较繁琐的车辆碰撞事故中可应用多种计 算方法互相验证。本文从大量的车速计算案例中分析得出，对于有明显制动印痕和侧 滑印痕，同时也有大量散落物的碰撞事故，应首选制动印痕或侧滑印痕计算公式求解 车辆速度，然后依据散落物计算方法进行验证和优化。 关键词：交通事故；动力学；碰撞模型；计算流程 I ABSTRACT In recent years, road traffic accidents to harm people is increasing, traffic accident analysis and research has become more pressing and important. Vehicle speed and trajectory is the main content of the technical analysis of traffic accidents, is also one of the main factors of traffic accidents. On the analysis of the traffic accident causes and treatment into must solve the practical problems in the traffic accident is the accident vehicles in traffic accident rate. Gather sufficient evidence to establish the correct vehicle collision model, an accurate description of the accident car accident during the state of motion, which are important computing speed accidents. This paper discusses the theoretical basis to the collision dynamics of the car crash one-dimensional and two-dimensional model of the collision, one-dimensional collision model is divided into front and rear-end collision of two forms of the collision, the collision of two-dimensional model is divided into two-dimensional central collision and two dimensional non-central collision of two forms. In a simplified mechanical model of rational basis, select the method and scope of calculation of four models and related parameters were careful discussion and analysis of the various models of the calculation process are su